Evaluation Criteria and Information Technology Essay

 · Imagine you are a company controller.  · Identify the internal control reporting options.  · Create criteria against which the options may be evaluated. Include internal controls for IT. Run for a low level or uncontested office within the student government association in your sophomore year. Getting into the bottom rung easily can help you climb the ladder more your later years. Future employers are likely to never know who small your school was, but will love seeing that experience on your resume. This pack comprises ACC 544 Week 6 Reporting Options, Evaluation Criteria, and Information Technology Controls Business – Accounting  · Imagine you are a company controller.  · Identify the internal control reporting options.  · Create criteria against which the options may be evaluated. Include internal controls for IT. Run for a low level or uncontested office within the student government association in your sophomore year. Getting into the bottom rung easily can help you climb the ladder more your later years. Future employers are likely to never know who small your school was, but will love seeing that experience on your resume. This pack comprises ACC 544 Week 6 Reporting Options, Evaluation Criteria, and Information Technology Controls Business – Accounting  · Imagine you are a company controller.  · Identify the internal control reporting options.  · Create criteria against which the options may be evaluated. Include internal controls for IT. Run for a low level or uncontested office within the student government association in your sophomore year. Getting into the bottom rung easily can help you climb the ladder more your later †¦ To download this tutorial follow the link – https://bitly.com/12BvwtK Run for a low level or uncontested office within the student government association in your sophomore year. Getting into the bottom rung easily can help you climb the ladder more your later years. Future employers are likely to never know who small your school was, but will love seeing that experience on your resume. Business – Accounting  · Imagine you are a company controller.  · Identify the internal control reporting options.  · Create criteria against which the options may be evaluated. Include internal controls for IT.

About Boosie

It was notorious for drugs and violence, a place feared by the general population. Boosie grew up with his mom and dad who nicknamed him after the '70s funk legend, Bootsy Collins. Although being raised by both of his parents was a rarity in his neighborhood, Boosie still struggled with dysfunction inside and outside of his home. Around the time he was starting high school, Boosie decided to come clean on wax about some of the trouble he was getting into, â€Å"l started rapping on tracks whenI was like 14 or 15, I was rapping before that but I Just didn't let anybody know 'cause I thought I wasn't good enough. † At fourteen years old, Boosie moved in to live with his grandmother after his father was murdered in drug-related activity. [2] Boosie became very involved in basketball to stay off the streets while attending high school and was actually expected to move on to college level basketball, but his involvement with drugs got him expelled from school. After being expelled from school, Boosie became serious about his music.Consequently, Boosie's residency in Baton Rouge, hich lacked a music scene, disadvantaged him from creating a diverse set of contacts and subsequently a lack of exposure. A mutual friend of Boosie and local rapper, C-Loc, introduced the two and before Boosie knew it, he was recording his homemade raps in a professional studio. Lil Boosie Mobile Desktop Content is available under CC BY-SA 3. 0 unless otherwise noted. Terms of use Privacy Search Wikipedia Lil Boosie Birth name Torrence Hatch Born November 14, 1982 (age 31) Origin Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U. S.Genres Southern hip hop Occupations Rapper Years active 998-present Labels Trill, Asylum, Bad Azz Entertainment, WMG Associated acts C- Loc, Pimp C, Webbie, Foxx, LoLa Monroe, Trae Tha Truth, C-Murder Website BoosieJustice. com Torrence Hatch (born November 14, 1982), better known by his stage name Lil Boosie, is an American rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. [1] Hatch was bestow ed the nickname Boosie by his family, and he was raised in southside Baton Rouge. He is currently serving time in the Louisiana State Penitentiary (Angola); Hatch was sentenced to eight years after pleading guilty to drug charges.I was like 14 or 5, I was rapping betore that but I Just didn't let anybody know 'cause homemade raps in a professional studio. [3] 1998-2001 : Camp Life & Youngest of tha Camp Boosie became serious about his music, deciding to become a professional rapper. Lil Boosie teamed up with Baton Rouge rapper C-Loc in the late 1990s. He started off as the youngest member of the Concentration Camp at the age of only 14. Boosie Joined the Concentration Camp group in 1998, after the release of the group's second studio album Concentration Camp II: Da Halocaust. He worked with rapper C-Loc and theCamp ; made his debut on C-Loc's fifth album, It's a Gamble in 2000 under his old alias Boosie and Concentration Camp third studio album Camp Ill : Thug Brothas in 2000. Soon after, he released Youngest Of Da Camp, his debut album in 2000 on Camp Life Entertainment. The album spread like wildfire, and was widely known in Baton Rouge. At the time of this album's recording, Boosie was only 17 years old. The album production was mostly handled by Happy Perez. The album featured C-Loc, Max Minelli & Donkey and more. After the incarceration, Boosie once again turned back to the streets.Ultimately, his behavior led to him also being incarcerated. The album sold 13, 000 units. 2001-2003: Trill Entertainment & For MY Thugz At this point, Boosie felt as though he was a failure. However, fate lent Boosie a hand, and Boosie had an opportunity to Join an up-and-coming record label called Trill Entertainment which was backed by its CEO the late Pimp C of IJGK in 2001. Trill signed Boosie and assisted him in bringing his legal issues to an end. Soon after, Trill independently released his debut album For My Thugz as his new alias Lil Boosie in 2002. 1] This release we nt on to sell over 15,000 copies. As of 2013, the album has sold 90,000 copies, according to Trill Entertainment. The album features Pimp C, Young Bleed, Webbie and more. 2003-2005: Ghetto Stories, Gangsta Muzik & Warner Bros. Later in the summer of 2003, Pimp C teamed up Booste to co-star with one of his label-mates, Webbie, on the album Ghetto Stories. The album also went on to sell well over 15,000 copies. As of 2013, the album has sold 120,000 units. In 2004, Lil ie & Webbie released T II Azz Mixtape & Trill Azz Mixes II. They treestyled over the hottest songs of 2004.Boosie paired up again with Webbie, to release their econd compilation album, Gangsta Musik. This is what really gained him popularity. According to Trill, the album sold 320,000 copies. Boosie's talent was now undeniable, and he caught the eye of some Universal Music Group representatives. In 2004 Lil Boosie ; South Coast Coalition released Both Sides of the Track. January 1, 2005 Boosie teamed up with Lava House Records to release United We Stand, Divided We Fall. He also released Street Code with Pat Lowrenzo. In 2005, Lil Boosie release Bad Ass (Advance) to promote Bad Azz. In late January 2005, Boosie signed a deal withWarner Bros. Records. [2] 2006-2008: Bad Azz ; Survival of the Fittest In early 2006 Trill release Bad Ass Mixtape Vol. l as a follow up to (Bad Ass Advance). In 2006, Boosie's major label debut album Bad Azz was released. [1] It contained the single â€Å"Zoom† featuring Yung Joc. A Bad Azz DVD followed where the rapper explained the death of his father due to drugs and his fght against diabetes. Late in the year, the Streetz Iz Mine mixtape appeared in cooperation with DJ Drama. In 2007 Lil Boosie release Bad Azz Mixtapes Vol. 2. In 2007, Boosie & Webbie was on the remix f â€Å"Wipe Me Down† by rapper Foxx.It was put on the Trill Entertainment compilation album Survival of the Fittest, which was released in 2007. In 2008 Boosie release Da Beginning Mixtape . At Lil Boosie 4th Of July Bash party he past out his new mixtape 4th Of July Bash. December 2008 Lil Boosie release Lil Boosie Presents: Da Click which feature Da Click consist of Hatch Boy, Locco, Quick & Sleek. It also popularized Lil Boosie's career as well. In 2008, Lil Boosie was featured on the single â€Å"Independent† by Webbie and was among several rappers to be featured on â€Å"Out Here Grindin† by DJ Khaled. 09: Superbad: The Return of Boosie Bad Azz ; Bad Azz Entertainment In 2009 Boosie released The Return Of Mr. Wipe Me Down as a promotion mixtape to his second major album. In 2009, Lil Boosie released the follow up to Lil Boosie Presents: Da Click called Da Click: â€Å"Street Kingz. In 2009, Lil Boosie released his second major album Superbad: The Return of Boosie Bad Azz. The first single from the album, â€Å"Better Believe It†, featured Webbie and Young Jeezy. There were promotional music videos from the album such as â€Å"I'm a Dog† & â€Å"Loose as a Goose†. Also in 2009, Lil Boosie had presented his debut label Bad Azz Entertainment.Lil Boosie released Thug Passion on his Bad Azz Entertainment label in 2009. Lil Boosie release Category 7: Bad Azz Hurricane with Hurricane Chris and Untouchable with LoLa Monroe. Lil Boosie also released The 25th Hours mixtape which on the interlude he speak on his prison term. 2010: Incarcerated In 2010 Lil Booste & C-Loc his former CEO release Unbreakable as a Compilation CD. ie nas announced while ne is still in prison on charges ot murder and conspiracy, and potentially facing the death penalty, he wants to move forward with his hip hop career. Boosie released his fourth studio album, Incarcerated, onSeptember 28 on Asylum Records. According to MTV News, the project is almost entirely produced by B. J. , although Mouse on Tha Track did some work on it as well. Webbie, Foxx and Lil Trill are among the featured guests. [4] Lil Boosie released Gone Til' December in 20 10, which is a mixtape album consisting of new music. Bad Azz Entertainment released ShouldVe Been My Beatz. Lil Boosie released 22504 with B. G.. In 2011 Quick release Hit After Hit 3 with Lil Boosie. In 2012 My Brother's Keeeper was released with Money Bagz & Quick. Also Under Investigation was released as a free ownload with Ray Vicks. 013-present: TBA In January 2013 Lil Booste spoke on his prison sentence and said, On September 13, 2013 it was reported that, Judges related to his case agreed to return Lil Boosie, his hard drives and his computers. The equipment contains a lot of music he had recorded before going to Jail, which could result in new music from him prior to his release. Jeff Weiss, who covered Boosie's trial for Rolling Stone, also reported that Boosie's attorneys believe that he will be released within the next five months. [5] Read in another language Last modified 13 hours agoEarly life Music career † â€Å"I have about 500 songs at the moment. I feel th at I'm making the best music I've ever made. The more I go through in life the better my music gets and it's been crazy the last three years. I keep my music heartfelt and stick to making real music. I wouldn't even say it's Hip Hop music. My music is ‘reality rap. ‘ Hip Hop music can make you dance and bob your head, but it can't make you cry or touch your heart like reality rap†.

What Your SAT Scores Really Mean In College Admissions

For many high school students, standardized tests are a huge part of the college admissions process. After all, selective colleges often use test scores to help in the initial screening of applications, so it’s only natural that many students get anxious just thinking about them. Here at , we have successfully counseled hundreds of students through the test prep and college application processes, so we’ve heard all the questions and more. Will a bad score mean I can’t get into my top choice college? Does a perfect score outweigh my less-than-stellar grades? What score will guarantee me a place at an Ivy League? There’s no doubt that standardized test scores often play a role in college admissions, but it’s hard to generalize exactly much they matter across the board. In this post, we’ll discuss the various ways in which standardized test scores are weighed during the college admissions process. So, if you’re gearing up for a standardized test or college app season, read on to learn more about how much your SAT or ACT scores actually matter. There are two instances in which SAT and ACT are weighed heavily on college applications. The first is at the very beginning of an application’s review, and the second is at the end. Initially, SAT and ACT scores are sometimes used as screening tools in the college admissions process. That means they are one a few factors that are commonly reviewed before an entire application gets read. Admissions committees have a tough job. They often have to sort through thousands of applications to find the students who will be the best match at their university. Because these admissions officers are real people, and not simply robots without the need for sleep, food, or drink during admissions season, they are simply not able to read each and every application in its entirety. Instead, each application gets an initial review, or what amounts to essentially a skim reading, to determine if it should be looked at in more depth. Often, these initial reviews include a glance at standardized test scores, along with a few other factors like grades and extracurriculars or honors. If your scores in combination with these other factors do not compel the admissions committee to look further, there’s a possibility that your application won’t be completely reviewed. In other words, there are a few pieces of data on your application that have the opportunity to impress at first glance, and test scores are one of them. Perform well enough and you just might earn a spot in the second round of application reviews. Have a dismal showing and fail to compel the admissions committee in other ways and your application may not see the light of another day. The second instance in which your standardized test scores can be very important is when the admissions committee is finalizing their acceptances. Imagine this—the committee has narrowed their choices to 50 applicants, but only has room for half of them. Their job now is to compare the applicants and choose the ones who are most likely to succeed. If your application is identical to the next one, but you outscore him or her by 100 points on your SAT, you will likely become the more desirable candidate. Sometimes, SAT and ACT are not important in college admissions. This is great news for the student who simply doesn’t perform well on tests or who, for whatever reason, hasn’t prepped as well as possible. With our free SAT guide, you'll get ’s top tips for mastering the SAT. Enter your name and email below to download the checklist. SAT and ACT scores become less important when other aspects of your application become more compelling. For example, if you have competed at the national level in athletics or you have patented a new advance in medical technology, the fact that you performed poorly on your verbal SAT will be less important because the remainder of your application is so strong. Another time when standardized test scores don’t matter as much is when you are applying to a specific major or program that is largely unrelated to them. If your calling is musical performance and you have performed on the national stage, successfully competed in high profile band competitions, and taught master classes at a local community college, your SAT or ACT scores aren’t very relevant to your intended course of study. Finally, some colleges simply don’t weigh standardized tests very heavily. For example, Wesleyan, Bowdoin, Bates, and George Washington University don’t require standardized tests at all anymore, and these are just a few of the colleges that now consider these tests optional. To learn more about testing-optional schools, check out our post The Reality of the Testing Optional Trend . Standardized test scores aren’t just useful to college admissions committees. They can be useful to you, the applicant, as well. When you are choosing which colleges you’ll apply to, you can use your SAT or ACT scores to help narrow your choices. The simplest way to do this is by researching the SAT and ACT scores of admitted students at the colleges that interest you most. This data is typically readily available through a simple online query and is also often published by US News and World Report in their annual college review. When you review the scores of admitted students, you will usually see them broken down into percentile ranges. For example, at Notre Dame, the 25th percentile SAT score is 1410, the 50th percentile SAT score is 1490, and the 75th percentile SAT score is 1550. This means that if you score a 1400 on the SAT, you should consider Notre Dame a reach school, because your score falls in the bottom 25% of admitted students. Of course, this doesn’t mean that you won’t get in, but it does mean that your application will have to be more impressive in other ways to make up for it. On the other hand, if you score a 1570, you have a far better chance. While you still aren’t guaranteed an acceptance, you can be assured that you won’t be rejected due to your test scores. To learn more about how SAT scores can shape your college list and where you choose to apply, check out our post The College List, Decoded: Safety, Target, and Reach Schools . For help mastering both the content and strategy needed to boost your SAT score, consider the consider the benefits of ’s full service, customized SAT Tutoring Program , where the brightest and most qualified tutors in the industry guide students to an average score increase of 140 points.

Better Place Automobile Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Better Place Automobile Industry - Essay Example Transformation of the automobile industry was massive projects and has remain a massive project that also requires an effective business model that transforms the automobile business itself and the personal transformation including transformation of the mindset of the consumers (Etzion and Struben, 2011; Pg. 06). Moreover, it has remained the responsibility of the stakeholders especially the company marketing team to ensure that the technology is accepted and adopted globally by increasing the market place of the product. Notably, in the year 2005, there was a stakeholder meeting that met over the question on how to make the world a better place by the year 2020. At this point, different stakeholders had already armed themselves with multinational software that aimed at enhancing the development of the new technology engines. At this primary point, Agassi was the president to the Production and Technology group that was based in Germany. It should also be noted that the success of th is technological development in the engine has been a success due to the involvement of many countries and individuals with different aspiration but with the same goals and objectives of environmentally friendly engines and the use of renewable resources (Westbrook, 2001; Pg. 81). ... According to Agassi, adoption of EVs among the consumers would facilitate the EVs paradigm with limited mobility. However, other quarters believed that a recognized shift was only possible with the creation of capacity batteries. Nonetheless, the Agassi’s idea led to the creation of EV based solution that elevated driving profiles that are highly implementable in an off the shelf technology. It should be noted that different technological ideas of different contributors of the electric engine powered automobiles led to a creation of effective car that are environmentally friendly and that use renewable resources. It should be noted that the stakeholders come in with different ideas. For instance, Agassi wanted re-engineering of the entire fuel enabled cars while other stakeholders only required only re-engineering of the engine (Etzion and Struben, 2011; Pg. 18). These different ideas were harmonized, and new, efficient, and effective automobile was introduced in the transport ation sector. Therefore, different roles and contributions of different and distinct stakeholders have defined the success of the better space automobile industry alongside its vision and mission. Moreover, the continued involvement of other players including different market places in different continents and their different innovative and marketing strategies will ensure that the market place will continue meeting its vision as it fulfills its mission. Industry and Scenario Analyses The better place industry has numerous opportunities to explore towards developing and meeting its goals and objectives. Currently, there are numerous global concerns of the intensive use of bio fuels since they have diverse effects to the environment. Additionally, there are

Micromanaging Coca-Cola Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Micromanaging Coca-Cola Corporation - Essay Example Coca-Cola makes, and promotes nonalcoholic products around the world. It primarily provides glistening but still refreshments. The company’s dazzling drinks consist of nonalcoholic drinking products along with carbonation, for example vigor beverages, and carbonated water and distinctive flavored water. Its products include nonalcoholic drinks with no carbonation, which include noncarbonated water, flavorful water and improved water, noncarbonated vigor products, and juice refreshments, ready made teas and coffees, as well as drinks of sports activities. The Company also provides flavoring compounds, sweeteners, powders with regard to filtered liquid items, refreshment elements, as well as syrups. It sells its nonalcoholic drinks principally within Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Diet Coke, and some other simple brand names. The organization advertises it’s carried out refreshment items mainly to marketers; as well as drink focuses as well as syrups to bottling as well as can ning staff, vendors, wholesalers, as well as suppliers. At present Coca-Cola areas of operations extended a long way outside of Georgia and also the United States. The firm has grown as amongst the world’s virtually all incomparable companies. The Coca-Cola brand name is probably one of the five best icons on the globe. Presently, Cola contains approximately 400 products of different brands in more than 200 countries. (http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com). In 2010, the company’s total net operating revenue equaled $35. 119 billion while its total assets were $72.721billion (http://www.yahoo.finance.com). Almost 139, 600 employees are working at global level in its different areas of operations (10-K, 2010). Mission and Vision Statements The mission of Coca Cola is perfectly for the refreshment of the community is not merely for our bodies but also for one's heart together with mood together with style additionally. Furthermore, it desires to really encourage confidence together with the help belonging to the behavior together with

Final report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final report - Essay Example In my capacity, I was entitled to: evaluate the effectiveness of the payment methods provided by the Al-Rahal Auto & Finance, Inc.; Set solutions to lack of payments by customers as scheduled; and to Simplify techniques of sending and/ or receiving clients’ insurance information. # A description of key projects or assignments completed All the above assignments actually formed the basic functions of the organization. This means therefore that the organization had to ensure their completion through ensuring simplicity of the systems to be used but keeping them very secure to deter possible hacking; sensitizing the organization on the need to set up a customer care unit to offer assistance to the clients in case of any problems; and using both e-mail and physical addresses for the attainment of both soft and hard copies of the same information. # How the work completed relates to the domain of International Business By carrying out all the mandates and plans of the organization, as set to meet the needs of the local and international clients efficiently and with ease recommended, the international business domain will obviously be achieved. Besides, the services of this organization are never restricted to any particular region/ country but for everyone interested. # Lessons in relation to the domain of international business The domain of international business requires operations within clients’ expectations and the internationally stipulated guidelines. To keep by this, the organization generates multilevel frameworks of its specific aims for the international business, leading to proposition, which in return broadens the focus and compares this firm to related disciplines. This strategy provides pathways that maintain the organization’s international business richly relevant for a high number of communities affected by the international business. It is therefore true that this experience has exposed me to the modern practices of business in a global context. # New skills/knowledge acquired As an international intern I was able to gain a sound investment portfolio that is broadly diversified and consistent with the main investment objectives of growth, income, or a combination of both, for the purpose of ensuring business and economic growth for the organization and its local and international customers. In this respect therefore, I was at a position where there were effective strategies for learning organization’s values, analyze globe’s current financial situation, and successfully understand my feeling about managing financial resources – the Dream-Plan-Track approach to financial planning (Sheldon, K.M. and Kasser, T., 1998). # What strengths and weaknesses have you discovered The international organization, Al-Rahal Auto & Finance, Inc., has a mission of being a strategic dealer partner that has the intense intension of specializing in providing personalized finance department for customers with less than perfect credit, through helping them to establish either from a position of no credit or subprime credit to a prime or near prime credit rating in a period of 36 months or less. Al-Rahal Auto & Finance, Inc. experienced team of managers which focuses largely on educating their customers about credit and thereafter providing adequate financing for an automobile with everything

Global Trends Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Trends Paper - Essay Example This heterogeneity and culturally diverse employment landscape shall present several challenges that need to be dealt with. Not only will cross-cultural communication be a basic requirement in future but also the area of knowledge management will become critical to employees and employers alike. Keeping in view these trends, individuals, including me, will have to acquire extensive training and job-specific education in order to obtain a better fit with the need for IT skills in upcoming jobs (Stair and Stair). What is even more important is that I shall be required to develop strong cross-communication skills which shall be useful during my interactions with a diverse workforce in order to arrive at possible business solutions. Of which learning and development process, virtual learning shall form a large part. Therefore, training sessions may not always be physical; they would include webinars as well as video conferencing to ensure maximum gains from training. Another significant trend that has emerged after the IT bubble burst is that the recruitment and selection processes have become lengthier and involve greater scrutiny (Preibl, Bouwman and Steinfield). On the other hand, the good news for professionals like me in the long run would be that increasingly companies are taking steps in order to retain genuinely talented individuals with IT expertise. In doing so, these companies are offering incentives such as higher compensation, greater training and career development opportunities, flexible work schedules as well as bonuses for good performers. Employees who hold IT skills in highly rewarded professions may expect to obtain huge increases in their salaries. Thus, if employees, including me, acquire the IT skills required for the job, there will be better employment opportunities in terms of the above mentioned factors. Also, because the rate of technology becoming obsolete is every high with the boom in tablets, PCs and cloud computing, individuals who acquire degrees in specialized IT fields can secure high pay levels. The role of IT consultants, in particular, has enhanced rapidly as firms hire outside experts to help them manage their massive investments in IT. Also, according to research estimates, the demand for skilled IT workers is outstripping supply, leading to a wage premium for such workers. At the same time, however, the college graduates are facing the brunt of a 2% unemployment rate (Lerman). Therefore, for potential employees such as me, acquiring the right skill set is the first step towards securing a well-paid job which in future is likely to be one involving specialized knowledge of IT. The challenge associated with IT, on the other hand, is that increasingly pay is becoming variable as opposed to the traditional fixed salaries. Therefore, pay is increasingly being associated with individuals’ performance which means that if workers do not perform well their compensation will be reduced accordingly and vi ce versa. This shall become more stressful for workers, including me, who will have to constantly ensure that performance targets are being met. Also, the concept of job security is becoming increasingly threatened with the boom of IT as well as the global recession. Thus, one can expect being fired for not performing, or simply being laid off due to downsizing of the corporation. This is increasing specially because of the abundance of IT

Documentations strategy document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Documentations strategy document - Essay Example It is without doubt that paper documents are simple to understand, move, and make use of. Also the use of a lot of documents on paper can considerably decrease efficiency and boost overheads in several ways. The Hurricanes Rita and Katrina radically demonstrated the perils for businesses that uphold records totally on the paper. Loads of businesses, together with dentist’s office, lawyer offices, colleges and schools, lost almost all their paper accounts. Comparable losses can take place during the event of thunderstorms, fires and blasts plus further natural calamities. Let’s suppose if a business would keep as backup paper copies of each document inside a different location, still, it would face the extra test of keeping a track of the exact description of the documents. For instance, the IRS calls on lots of industries to preserve paper documents for seven years and then annals or raze them. It is sometimes impossible to physically trail the age of the paper documents to fulfill these policies and their obligations. The documents are effortless to lose or misplace. These Paper documents are complex to get your hands on in a suitable manner when the client is over the phone, which implies that the Accounting department has got to suspend up, move towards the filing cabinet, recover the invoice, and then call the client back. The mislaid documents effect in longer searches. When a corporation is located in numerous locations, the admission becomes even more flexible. As an effect, the paper storeroom and recovery becomes the source of extensive manual labor and overheads, which increase as the amount of invoices amplifies. The investigation conducted by the Delphi Group (Delphi.com) denotes the extent of the test and outlay: Almost all corporations tend to use up a typical of $25,000 to fill up a classic four-drawer file cabinet; $2,000 to uphold it every year. And, over the due time line of the

Disrupting the Recruitment Process to Exploit Weaknesses in Terrorist Research Paper

Disrupting the Recruitment Process to Exploit Weaknesses in Terrorist Organizations - Research Paper Example This paper explores recruitment practices in the global Jihad as they play out in America and Europe. Whereas the focal point of the discussion is terrorism, the paper explores a distinct form of contemporary terrorism, Global Jihad, which embodies religiously inspired conflicts with a global vision. Nevertheless, the paper does not necessarily centre on terror groups with nationalistic or secular motives. The global Jihad is entangled with individuals, organizations, and ideologies from the Middle East, South East Asia, Central Asia, and North Africa. There are four distinct levels of commitment within terrorist organizations. These include passive supporters, active supporters, cadre, and leaders. Although all play a critical part in the running of the terrorist organizations, the cadre can be singled out to be the level that has a phenomenal influence in the recruitment process. Cadre encompasses the nucleus of active members engaged in the overall running of the terrorist operations inclusive of recruiting new members. Terrorist organizations employ both hierarchical and networked structures of organization. Islamic radicalization can be considered as the lynchpin to homegrown terrorism, especially in the West. Delegitimizing radicalization is arguably an effective way of disrupting recruitment process. ... Most recruitment processes into terrorist organization feature aspects such as targeting of the alienated and marginalized, spiritual quest, radicalization, gradual seclusion and cell formation, adoption of violence as a legitimate political means, linkage with a gatekeeper, and eventual operation of the cell. Terrorist recruitment cells can be delimited into four separate cells; management cell, information gathering cell, preparation cell, and execution cell. Disrupting Recruitment Process Most international terrorist organizations are actively engaged in recruitment of Westerners into terrorist organization via facilitation of travel to foreign training camps and mounting grounds. Foreign terrorist organizations have shifted their strategy from passive influence of western radicals into directly motivating, inspiring, and training, especially through internet-based propaganda. Recruitment of Western radicals has worked for foreign terrorist organizations as they can conceal the id entity as the recruits hold â€Å"clean† citizenship. The employment of homegrown terrorist cells has complicated the ability to infiltrate terrorism recruitment rings (Cortright & Lopez, 2007). The four principal ingredients to a thriving terrorist’s organization include recruitment, motivation, funding, and haven. Terrorism is affected by interplay of factors such as a haven, leadership, and the underlying conditions within the society. Terrorist organizations leaders avail motivation, mobilization, and organization functions within the organizations. In addition, leaders within terrorist organizations act as principal sources of propaganda besides acting as symbolic figureheads

Erik Eriksons 8 Stages of Man Essay Example for Free

Erik Eriksons 8 Stages of Man Essay 1. Trust vs. Mistrust- This mother displays affection, and adequate care giving to her child. By providing a child with this throughout their first year of life, you show that they can depend on you. This forms a bond of trust between mother and infant, rather than mistrust. 2. Autonomy vs. Doubt- This child is three years old; he has progressed from diapers to the adult sized toilet. After going to the bathroom, he knows he must wash his hands. His mother sees that he wants to do it himself, but is slightly frustrated that he is not tall enough. This mother could just pick him up and assist him, making him feel like he couldn’t do it. She buys him a small step stool, and supervises him washing his hands also providing positive reinforcement. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt- This set of parents notice that their five year old boy greatly enjoys wrestling with his older brothers. They sign him up for karate lessons so he can enjoy himself, but do it in a safe way. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority- A mother is sewing inside her living room. The mother tells her ten year old daughter she is making a scarf. The phone rings, and the mother answers and leaves the room. Her daughter, wanting to be just like mommy, cut up the curtains to make her mother a dress. Her mother re-enters the room, smiling and thanking her daughter for picking such a pretty fabric for her dress. The mother continued to help her make the dress. 5. Identity vs. Identity Confusion- This seventeen year old girl has had a very good life. Her parents have always been supportive in everything she has done. Now that she has reached her adolescence, she believes she might know who she is. Throughout her life, she has taken dance lesson, art class, done musical theatre, painting, singing lessons and many other things in the artistic field. She feels her true passion in life is for art and painting, and she may want to pursue a career in that field. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation- Now that this woman has reached adulthood, she wants to begin searching for a lifetime partner. She meets a nice man in the mall, though he doesn’t call her for two weeks she doesn’t get discouraged. They go on many dates, become a couple and eventually after two years of dating decide to get married. 7. Generatively vs. Stagnation- After getting married, a man and a woman discuss what they plan to do with their lives. They decide he will continue working, and they want to have a child. She does not want to stay at home forever though, so they agreed that when the time is right she would get a part time job. 8. Integrity vs. Despair- A man is in his late sixties, and gets called an â€Å"old man† for the first time. He realizes that he wasted his whole life working and not enjoying himself, he wants to feel young again. He sells his house in New York and moves to Florida. He finds himself a young girlfriend, and parties like he’s in his twenties again.

Relationship Between Childhood Well-being and Poverty

Relationship Between Childhood Well-being and Poverty Introduction This paper explores the relationship between childhood well-being and poverty. Using structural equation modelling a multidimensional picture of child well-being is developed which is linked to previous work on multidimensional poverty indicators at household level (Tomlinson et al. forthcoming). Following a brief literature review of childhood poverty and well-being research, there follows an analysis of several waves of the British Household Panel Study – a valuable source of data collected directly from children as well as adults in the same households. The paper attempts to map the experience of poverty at household level and relate it to the child’s well-being. Rather than seeing poverty as a facet of child well-being, as other researchers often do, this work conceptually distinguishes between the two and shows how they are linked. Following the literature review various structural equation models are estimated that measure different dimensions of child well-being. These dimensions are then related to other aspects of the child’s life including the experience of poverty, age and gender, household composition, income, parental education and employment status. The effects of poverty are broken down into more detailed dimensions and the relative impact of each dimension is discussed. Finally, the models are used to inform targeting strategies with respect to child welfare policy. Crucially the differential impact of various potential policy instruments is assessed through the models. Mainstream child poverty research Since New Labour took office and pledged to eliminate child poverty by 2020 a myriad of policy changes and political statements has been issued to address the problems associated with poverty and deprivation during childhood. Indeed the costs of child poverty and its immediate and future effects are becoming increasingly alarming. For instance, recent research has found that poor children are more likely to get into trouble inside and outside school and more likely to be involved in drug abuse (ONS 2002). The direct costs of this are estimated to be considerable. For example:  £6000 for a 6 month non-custodial sentence  £21000 for a custodial sentence of 6 months Cost of attending pupil referral unit:  £10000/year Drug programmes cost on average  £15000/person over a 4 year period (Source: Godfrey et al. 2004) Much of the literature relating to child poverty in the UK has focussed around two areas: first the identification of households where risk is greatest and second, the so-called ‘scarring’ of children and the transmission of disadvantage into adulthood. With respect to the former it is now well known that poor children in particular are more likely to come from the following types of household: Workless households Benefit dependent households Lone parent families Low income households Families with younger children are more likely to be poor Large families Ethnic minority households Those in rented accommodation See, for example, Hirsch (2006a), Lloyd (2006). In addition Bradshaw (2006a) has extensive breakdowns of poverty rates for different social groups with children; Platt (2007) has an analysis of ethnicity, employment and child poverty; large families are extensively discussed in Iavacou and Berthoud (2006) and so on. In other words it is no longer an issue of identifying which types of environment – from a household perspective – are important, but rather moving towards a measurement model that can assess the impacts of the various dimensions associated with poverty on the child and its well-being. This is the approach taken in this paper. With respect to the second set of literature on scarring and transmission, the impact of poverty on a child’s future life-chances has also been extensively researched. Moreover, these impacts appear to have increased as child poverty increased during the 1980s and 1990s (Fahmy, 2006). Gregg and Wadsworth (2001) have noted the increased polarisation of working versus non-working households and the effects that this has had on poverty rates. That is the growth of dual-earner versus no-earner households. Using cohort studies such as the British Cohort Study (BCS) and National Child Development Study (NCDS), a series of papers has shown that low income in childhood leads to poor educational attainment in later life. For example, see Blanden and Gregg (2004) which also provides a useful review of the US literature on this topic. Gregg and Machin (2000) and Glennester (1995) come to similar conclusions. Fahmy has also reviewed the literature with respect to youth poverty (youth being defined as being aged 16-25). The consequences of poverty identified for this group, referred to as ‘hazardous transitions’ into adulthood, include: A high probability of becoming a ‘NEET’ (not in employment, education or training – see Istance et al 1994 for an earlier study) A bad career track (Craine 1997) A reduced level of citizenship and civic participation (Dean 1997) A higher risk of homelessness (Smith 1999, see also Flouri and Buchanan, 2004) Stewart has also documented various consequences of child poverty in later life. Adding low self-esteem, low expectations, reduced educational attainment, benefit dependency and poor labour market outcomes to the list. See Stewart, (2005) and also Hobcraft (1998) and Ermisch et al. (2001). While all this work is very convincing and commendable there is relatively little literature relating child poverty in the here and now and its immediate impact on the life and environment of the child. It is almost as if this were less important than the future costs. However, there is also a growing interest in the current well-being of children and its measurement. Early literature on this is extensively reviewed in Pollard and Lee (2002). This covers definitions of well-being, the indicators developed and instruments used in the measurement process. Moreover, two recent special issues of Social Indicators Research (SIR, 2007a, 2007b) have already been devoted exclusively to the topic (and a third issue is on the way). Interestingly, one strand of this work relates to human rights which shows the level of importance now being attached to these issues. Bradshaw et al. (2007) discuss concepts of well-being which are predicated on the UN convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC). Essentially this accepts the multi-dimensional nature of well-being from at least four perspectives: first that it is non-discriminatory, second that it is in the best interests of the child, third that it relates to the child’s survival and development, and fourth that it respects the views of the child (Bradshaw et al 2007: 134). The link to poverty and deprivation is sometimes made explicit in this literature: for example, ‘child well-being and deprivation represent different sides of the same coin’, Bradshaw et al. (2007). On the other hand, US, and very recent British, research shows well-being to be related to, but not the same as childhood poverty (Land et al., 2006; Bradshaw and Mayhew, 2005) for reasons that are not well-understood, but which probably include protective behaviour by parents (e.g., Flouri, 2004) and individual resilience (e.g., Masten and Coatsworth, 1998, Masten, 2001). Thus there is confusion about the relationship between well-being and poverty. Sometimes poverty is cited as a specific dimension of well-being, and sometimes as a separate concept entirely. For example, Bradshaw et al. (2007) have developed an eightfold classification of child well-being and generated one composite summary indicator from internationally comparable data. The eight dimensions being: Material well-being Housing Health Subjective well-being Education Relationships Civic participation Risk and safety These are measured by standardised scores which are added together to form the individual indices and an overall summary index which is then used for international comparison. There is then no accepted or uncontroversial measure of child well-being. The general thrust of the debate is that child well-being must be measured along several dimensions and poverty (or particular dimensions of poverty such as material deprivation) is sometimes included and sometimes not. The approach taken in this paper is somewhat different in that the two concepts are kept completely distinct as explained in more detail below. The measurement of poverty and well-being The approach here uses two sets of measures reflecting two aspects of the situation of children living in British households. First of all we measure poverty at the household level using structural equation models. This is done along several dimensions using data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) and is discussed in Tomlinson et al. (forthcoming). The dimensions are: financial strain, material deprivation, the environment, psycho-social strain, civic participation and social isolation. These are combined into an overall weighted index referred to as the Poverty Index (PI). Second we use structural equation models to measure various dimensions of childhood well-being. We are restricted in the questions that are asked and cannot include all the dimensions listed by Bradshaw et al. (2007). However, we measure four different aspects of child well-being including ‘home life’ which relates to family relationships and parental control (similar to Bradshaw’s ‘relationships’ dimension), ‘educational orientation’ (again similar to Bradshaw et al.), ‘anxiety’ (based in part on Bradshaw’s subjective well-being indicator) and ‘delinquency’ (which also relates to risk and safety). However, a crucial difference with our approach is that we treat dimensions such as material well-being and housing as aspects of household level poverty rather than childhood well-being. Thus we keep poverty and well-being conceptually distinct and analyse the relations between the two. It is the association between these four measures of child well-being and the numerous measures of poverty already developed that is the ultimate focus of the paper. In summation we take a multidimensional approach to both well-being and poverty and we examine the correlates of poverty with a child’s current well-being. In this way we can assess the impacts of poverty on the child’s immediate social environment and state of mind rather than what the future might hold. Models which can link together different aspects of poverty with various aspects of children’s livelihoods will assist in developing strategies to alleviate some of these problems. In other words we identify which aspects of poverty have the most serious impacts on the child (and hence will probably affect their future life chances to the greatest extent). Using structural equation models (SEM) There are now many academics using more advanced statistical techniques to measure poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective (e.g., Jenkins and Cappellari, 2007, Tomlinson et al., forthcoming, Whelan et al. 2007a, 2007b). These techniques, such as item response theory, structural equation modelling and latent class analysis, can be used not only to analyse which families with children are actually in poverty, but also which particular aspects of this poverty are more intense (such as bad housing, material deprivation, financial strain and so on). This is the approach taken in this paper with respect to the measurement of poverty and the measurement of child well-being the two being linked together within a coherent methodological framework and then related specifically to policy and policy targeting. Like the more traditional method of factor analysis, a SEM reduces a large number of observed variables to a smaller number of factors. However, in a SEM the variables are conceptualised as observed manifestations of an underlying or ‘latent’ dimension. Each observed variable in a SEM also has an error term associated with it, allowing measurement error to be isolated and controlled for in a way that is impossible with factor analysis. But, most importantly, a SEM requires a strong theoretical justification before the model is specified. Thus the researcher decides which variables are to be associated with which latent unobserved factors in advance. There are two fundamental types of SEM used to measure or test the validity of latent concepts – first and second order confirmatory factor analysis models (CFAs). We use first order CFAs below to measure child well-being. A first order CFA simply attempts to measure preordained underlying latent concepts. The left side of figure 1 shows a simple CFA which has two latent unobserved variables: L1, material deprivation; and L2, financial strain. L1 is measured by the observed variables V1 to V4 and L2 is measured by variables V5 to V7. The single headed arrows represent coefficients or loadings in the model and are usually shown in standardised form much like beta coefficients in regression analysis. The covariance between material deprivation (L1) and financial strain (L2) is represented by the double headed arrow. The associated error terms are shown as the circles labelled e1 to e7. Using statistical techniques such as maximum likelihood estimation and making assumptions abou t the distributions of the variables and error terms in the model, the coefficients and covariances can be estimated. In all SEMs a variety of fit statistics is available to assess the validity of the models constructed (see Klein, 2005, Byrne, 2001). Usually it is assumed that the observed variables in the model are continuous and that the distribution of the variables is multivariate normal. More recently available software is beginning to allow the explicit modelling of categorical, binary and censored variables (such as MPlus which is used in this study). Models of this kind can be made as complex as necessary to describe real-world situations and employ many latent variables and various interactions between them. Covariates or controls can also be applied to the overall measurement models to assess differences between groups or to assess the impact of a particular variable on the latent concepts under consideration. Furthermore, scores can be generated for the unobserved latent variables. These scores are analogous to the factor scores obtained using factor analysis. The BHPS and the measurement of childhood well-being The analysis that follows utilizes data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) and follows the methods discussed in Tomlinson et al. (forthcoming). The BHPS commenced in 1991 with an initial sample of around 10,000 individuals resident in some 5,000 households. These individuals have subsequently been re-interviewed each year and the sample has also been extended to include more households from Scotland and Wales and to embrace Northern Ireland (although Northern Ireland is excluded from this analysis). The data can be weighted to provide an accurate picture of life in Great Britain at different points in time. The analysis here covers the period 1997, 1999 and 2001 (i.e. BHPS waves 7, 9 and 11) and draws on information concerning the following topics for the measurement of poverty: income, finances and benefits; stress; material deprivation; general housing and neighbourhood characteristics and social exclusion and civic participation. The level of poverty at household level is measured by the responses given by the head of household and calculated as detailed in Tomlinson et al. (forthcoming). Each individual dimension of poverty as well as an overall score (the Poverty Index) is computed via a SEM for each household with children. Households with heads under 18 years of age or over 64 years of age are excluded from the sample analysed to calculate poverty scores. We also use a unique data resource available within the BHPS and consistently applied across the three waves. Children aged between 11 and 15 within these households were also asked to complete a separate questionnaire which forms the basis for the measurement models of child well-being. Questions included relate to home life, schooling, anxiety and psychological aspects of life, social isolation and delinquent behaviour. Estimating a structural equation model of childhood well-being As with the measurement of our multi-dimensional poverty index we attempted to create measures of multidimensional childhood well-being using 1st order CFAs based on the responses given by the 11 to 15 year olds in the BHPS panel for the years 1997, 1999 and 2001. The models have been estimated separately for all three waves. Questions change significantly in other available waves and these waves have not been included in the present analysis. The four dimensions of well-being are estimated using the following variables (which are all measured as ordinal scales except the variable relating to suspension from school which is binary): 1. Home life is a measure of the children’s relations to their parents and family and how much control the parents have over them: How much children talk to their parents How much control parents exercise over TV How much the family share meals together 2. Educational orientation is a measure of how well the child is doing at school and their attitudes to teachers and so on: How much the child likes his/her teachers Whether the teachers ‘get at me’ General feelings about school Whether the child is doing well at school 3. Anxiety is a measure of the child’s psychological health and feeling of self-worth Whether the child feels unhappy Whether the child has lost sleep How useless the child feels How much of a failure the child feels Whether the child feels no good The extent to which the child feels lonely The extent to which the child is left out of activities 4. Delinquency is an attempt to measure aspects of criminal tendencies or anti-social behaviour: Whether the child has ever been suspended from school How often the child plays truant How much experience the child has with smoking cigarettes Whether the child vandalises property Whether the child has friends that use illegal drugs (there is no direct question about the respondent’s own drug use) A first order confirmatory factor analysis model was estimated to measure the four dimensions (see figure 2 for an example from wave 11) and further models developed with controls for gender and age of the child and the overall Poverty Index of the head of household. We attempted this with each of the three waves of the BHPS, but all three models gave similar results and good fit indices. The model estimation was done using MPlus 4 with the observed variables being treated as ordinal rather than continuous where appropriate. Results and discussion of the basic model The first order models produce a good fit to the data (see Table 1) and the coefficients on the observed variables are all in the expected direction and all statistically significant at the 1% level. Some error terms were allowed to co-vary as illustrated in the figure based on very high modification indices in the initial modelling attempts. Examining the latent constructs themselves and the correlations between them reveals the relationships between the various dimensions of well-being. That is educational orientation is strongly associated with parental influence and negatively associated with anxiety and delinquency. Delinquency is also positively associated with anxiety etc. (Table 1). Table 1Fit statistics and correlations for the simple models (wave 11) Fit statistics: (N=1201) Without controlsWith controls Chi-square 426.959 (79 d.f.)639.104 (130 d.f.) CFI0.9370.902 TLI0.9550.921 RMSEA0.0570.057 Correlations between latent variables in controlled model (all significant at 1%):   Home life Educational Orientation Anxiety Educational Orientation +.54 Anxiety -.18 -.36 Delinquency –.63 -.54 +.22 The controlling variables are also salient. Girls are more anxious than boys, but have better educational orientation and relations with their parents. There is no significant difference between girls and boys with respect to delinquency. The age controls show that home life diminishes with age, while delinquency increases. Children of 11 and 12 also have stronger educational orientation than their older peers. However, the most striking result is that poverty (measured by our composite multidimensional index) has a highly significant and detrimental effect on all four of the well-being dimensions. That is it contributes to anxiety and delinquency and detracts from educational orientation and home life. Thus we can show that poverty has a serious debilitating effect on child well-being in the here and now. The relative importance of poverty for each dimension of well-being is also evident. The strongest effect appears to be on home life (–0.22) followed by educational orientat ion (–0.13). The impact on anxiety and delinquency is less strong (both at 0.10), but still highly significant. Thus we can show that the overall impact of the experience of poverty appears to affect home life and education the most while still having an effect on anxiety and anti-social behaviour. However, one of the issues we wish to deal with (not least from a policy targeting perspective) is to see which sub-dimensions of poverty are the most salient with respect to child well-being. For example, as we have measured poverty in a multidimensional way, which particular dimensions have the biggest impact? In our previous measurement work we developed several indicators of multidimensional poverty. Namely the poverty index is a weighted summation of several sub-indices: financial strain based on bad finances and missed housing payments material deprivation based on the levels of material possessions in the household and whether the household could afford to do certain things the environment which is based on a combination of housing and neighbourhood characteristics social isolation based on lack of social support civic participation based on participation in civic life psycho-social strain based on stress, mental health and anxiety The most desirable way to test the effects of the various dimensions on well-being would be to include them all as covariates in a measurement model similar to that shown in figure 2. However, because the various dimensions of poverty are highly correlated with each other this presents problems for the estimation (that is there is a multicollinearity issue). Rather than attempt to do this, individual models have been estimated with each sub-dimension of poverty included by itself in place of the overall poverty index in a similar fashion to the model in Figure 2. The relative sizes and significance of the coefficients relating to the individual sub-dimensions of poverty will allow an assessment to be made as to which elements of poverty are the most serious with respect to the child’s welfare. The results are summarised in figure 3 (this is a diagrammatic summary of results from wave 11 (2001) and shows only the significant effects). The results show that different aspects of poverty have different effects on the various aspects of well-being. For example, the financial dimension affects all the aspects of well-being whereas material deprivation only affects two (being detrimental to home life and increasing delinquency). A poor environment in terms of bad housing or neighbourhood results in reduced quality of home life, increased anxiety and delinquency. By using these results it becomes clear that policy aimed at poverty reduction could in principle be targeted in particular ways that would have different benefits as far as the diverse dimensions of child well-being are concerned. Improving the environment of children – both within and outside the household – may well have a greater overall impact on well-being than improving material deprivation. On the other hand if educational performance is the main criterion then financial strain, and civic participation of the household become the key areas. If home life is seen to be the main issue then finance, material deprivation, the stress of the parents, the environment and civic participation would be the key foci. This policy dimension is returned to below. It is also interesting to note that social isolation (a measure of social exclusion) of the head of household has no bearing on the four well-being indicators. However, there are also other controlling factors that can be incorporated in the models determining child well-being besides poverty, age and gender. Using the structural equation framework with covariates allows several alternative model specifications to take into account different offsetting factors with respect to child welfare. There is already evidence from the UK that certain situations in childhood can ‘buck the trend’ in reducing the negative outcomes of child poverty. For example, Blanden (2006) has shown that parental interest (mainly the father for boys and the mother for girls) has a positive impact on adult educational outcomes. She also shows that higher educational attainment early in the child’s life has a positive impact later on as does the school’s characteristics and the social mix of the child’s school. So research has shown that there may be mediating effects (such as parenting or living in a good neighbourhood) that offset the deleterious impact of poverty and deprivation. For example, McCulloch and Joshi (2001) found using the National Child Development Survey that although poverty and living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods does correlate with lower test scores at school, the family environment and family support can offset this effect. In the US the extensive work of Aber and his colleagues has also shown that there are negative effects on child specific outcomes from poverty and material hardship and that cognitive and emotional outcomes are affected by low income and material hardship (e.g., Gershoff et al, n.d.), but that this is mediated by parental characteristics. With this idea of mediation in mind several alternative models have thus been estimated to take account of the following factors which are included as further controls in the models: Household composition (such as the presence of other children and single versus multiple adult households) Educational attainment of the household head Employment status of the head of household Income rather than multidimensional poverty indices The household composition model will enable an assessment of family relations and its impact on well-being. The education model will assess the impact of parental human capital irrespective of other considerations. While the employment and income models can be usefully compared with the Poverty Index model (in other words can income or employment status merely substitute for poverty)? These results are summarised in table 3 for wave 11 (2001). The models were essentially the same as shown in figure 2, but without including the Poverty Index as a control which confounded the income and employment status models (again because of multicollinearity). Household composition was tested by including a variable indicating whether the household was a single adult household (versus other types) and dummy variables representing the number of children in different age categories. The results show clearly the influence of adults is significant when it comes to home life and delinquency (whereas being a single adult household has no effect on anxiety or educational orientation). Single parent households are therefore at a possible disadvantage when it comes to controlling their children. Even when a control for income is included in this model in an attempt to separate out the impact of low income from single parenthood the single adult variable is still significant in the same way. The presence of other children or siblings appears to have no impact on the child respondent’s well-being. Education of the head of household also has an impact on home life and educational orientation of the child, but only where the household head is educated to a higher educational level (that is degree level). The models for employment status included variables for self-employed status, unemployed and non-employed (i.e. not working and not actively looking for a job). Clearly the household head not having a job has an effect on the child’s well-being (although this is also correlated with the Poverty Index). In the case of being non-employed (which includes housewives, the disabled, and other economically inactive people) this has an impact on all four well-being dimensions to the detriment of the child whereas being unemployed only affects home life and delinquency. Self-employment has no effect. One possible explanation for the difference between unemployed and non-employed effects might be a reflection of the impact of long-term poverty and deprivation on children. That is t hose household heads that are not economically active for one reason or another and classed as non-employed rather than unemployed may well suffer from longer periods of chronic financial hardship, whereas the unemployed may be intermittently working and thus have experienced periods where they were no longer poor. Table 3Effects of various controls on the basic well-being model with various controls in addition to age and gender of the child (wave 11). Significance level is 1%. Standardised coefficients shown.

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? Essay -- Urbaniza

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? Over the past 20 years the 100 largest US urbanized areas have sprawled an additional 14,545 square miles according to the US Bureau of Census on Urbanized Areas. That was more than 9 million acres of natural habitats, farmland and other rural space that were covered over by asphalt, buildings and housing of suburbia. A major controversy in the efforts to halt the rural land loss is whether land-use and consumption decisions are the primary engines of urban sprawl, or whether it is the nation’s growing population boom that is providing the driving expansion. A good example of this rapid sprawl is the city of Chicago. It has had astonishing growth in the past years bringing about many new issues such as traffic congestion, surging housing markets, air pollution, loss of rural land and overcrowded schools. Through the redevelopment of existing cities like Chicago using methods like smart planning we can create livable areas, meet the needs of citizens and thus reduce the need fo r sprawl at the outer edge of existing cities. The main issues that will be covered are housing and human and social implications. The first issue is to define what sprawl is. There are many definitions of sprawl but the central component of most definitions seems to be this: Sprawl is the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land at the periphery of an urban area. This involves the conversion of open space (rural land) into built up, developed land over time. Organizations whose chief concerns involve urban planning goals may tend to emphasize qualitative attributes of sprawl, such as attractiveness, pedestrian-friendliness and compactness. But those who are ... ...y on the Sierra club sitehttp://www.crp.cornell.edu/faculty/pendall.htm taken from the Sierra Club site in the 1998 Chicago report. National Trust for Historic Preservation http://www.nationaltrust.org/ Weighing Sprawl Factors in large US Cities, http://www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Chicago Metro Case Study, http://www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Brownfield article, www.pollutionengineering.com/arcives/ Environmental Law and Policy Center, http://www.elpc.org/trans/visions/visions.htm William Cronon, Natures Metropolis, Copyright 1991, W.W. Norton and Company Inc., NY, NY. Planned Manufacturing article www.ncbg.org/tifhandbook/pmd.pdf Tax Increment Financing articles www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TaxIncrementFinancing.html www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TIF/Report.pdf

The Second Coming by W.B.Yeats Essay example -- Papers William Butler

The Second Coming by W.B.Yeats The poem "The Second Coming" written by William Butler Yeats is full of imagery, the uses of exquisite diction, language styles such as personification and hyperbole, as well as a lot of symbolism. The first stanza of this poem described the catastrophes of this world. The word gyre in the first line symbolized history, or the life cycles of men. As a gyre turns bigger and bigger while keeping its original shape, which is round, it means that even though everything, like technology keeps on improving, human nature and the lives that we live never does. History keeps on repeating itself, and human never learn from their mistakes. This gyre also represents a whirlwind, or a storm that shakes the whole world. The falcon and falconer, as referring to a medieval sport, represent a leader and a follower. As the falcon cannot hear the falconer, it means that the followers cannot, or rather, do not want to follow and obey the leader anymore. Imagery is again painted in the fifth line, with the blood-...

Essay on Mr. and Mrs. Bennets Parenting in Pride and Prejudice

Analysis of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's Parenting in Pride and Prejudice  Ã‚   The roles of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice are contrasted between a father who cares about what’s inside of people and a mother who only worries about vanity and appearance. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s parental guidance is unique to their personalities. Because of their two opposing personas, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s ideas of marriage are contradictory for their daughters; Mr. Bennet believes in a loving respectful marriage whereas Mrs. Bennet values a marriage which concerns wealth and social status. Their aspirations for Lydia, Jane, Mary, Kitty and Elizabeth mirror their conflicting ideologies. Mr. Bennet seems to have a quiet deep love for his daughters while, on the contrary, Mrs. Bennet’s love is over-acted and conditional. Both parents help to shape their daughters’ characteristics and beliefs: Lydia reflecting Mrs. Bennet’s flighty and excessive behavior while Elizabeth inherits Mr. Bennet’s pensi ve and reflective temperament. Looking past their dissimilar personality traits and contradicting convictions, both parents hold the family together and play an integral role in the household structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The constant topic among the majority of the women in the Bennet household was marriage and future suitors. Mrs. Bennet prides in the hope that someday all her daughters will be married off to wealthy individuals who can even help support the Bennet family and increase their social status: â€Å"The business of her life was to get her daughters married...† (9). Mr. Bennet, on the other hand, only cares to see his daughters happy and content with themselves. Although Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s estate is endowed to Mr. Collins, Mr. Benn... ...igued with the raptures of his wife† (9). Their children provide them with companions as well as people to take their sides. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s relationship revolves around their children because without them, they would have an impossible time living alone together.   Ã‚  Ã‚   When evaluating Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s role in the family structure, they both provide insight into the origins of their daughters’ personalities. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet both play integral parts in their children’s lives; they give or attempt to give them guidance in marriage, in happiness, and in love. Whether it’s Mrs. Bennet expressing her over-bearing love or Mr. Bennet giving Elizabeth some well-needed advice, they both aim to help their daughters using their inborn parental love. Works Cited: Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: WW Norton &. Company, 1996.

Mad Shadows and the Scarlet Letter

In the novel Mad Shadows by Marie-Claire Blais and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, isolation was used as a major theme to sculpt and reveal the characters true identity. The behaviour of each central character towards isolation crafted their fates. The Scarlet Letter portrays the psychological effects of alienation on the characters. Mad shadows illustrates an unprincipled world where beauty is skin only deep and love is measured by material possessions. The main character in The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne, committed adultery with the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester was outcast by the puritan community that deemed her a presence of evil. Hester refused to reveal the other adulterer. In doing so, Arthur Dimmesdales quietly suffered until he finally completed penance. Roger Chillingsworth whom Hester was lawfully wed to, swore to reveal her lover thus poisoning his soul with revenge. Hester wore a scarlet letter A_ _as punishment, estranging her from her community. This was to remind her and everyone of her sinful deed. She had no communication with the rest of the world either than her trips to receive and deliver embroidery orders. Hester lived in a cottage remote from the sphere of society. The dark forest provided Hester with private surroundings in which she may search for truth and escape the glare of her community, although dejected. The consequence of her pure and innate impulse had to be taken on with humiliation in exile. Arthur Dimmesdale imposed desolation upon himself. Dimmesdale was incapable and reluctant to openly make public his sin. He therefore continued to be troubled by his own shame and as a result felt inner isolation from the community. His secret also forbade him from being with Hester and his daughter, separating him from his family. Dimmesdale saw himself as an immoral person. He reprimanded himself with neglect and hunger. When Dimmesdale finally frees himself from guilt and shame by confessing to the public, he yields to illness and dies. Roger Chillingworth undergoes a masked and vague form of estrangement and seclusion. He is physically divorced from Hester and feared by the townspeople, who believed that he was evil. Chillingworth, obsessed with seeking Hester’s secret lover, became mentally detached from himself. He gradually loses his self to the devil. Impiety causes Chillingworth to ultimately withdraw from his prior self. He lived secluded in a world which he believed only holds bitterness and anger. The central characters in The Scarlet Letter manipulated and contributed to the theme of isolation through their personalities. They were secluded from one another, themselves and their community. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth endured differtent types of alienation and isolation and to various degrees. Hester is segregated from society. Dimmesdale felt alone due to the secrecy of his sin. Chillingworth surrendered himself to evil and gradually withers away. Mad Shadows focuses on a family that live in a corrupt perception of true beauty and love. Louise, who only valued material possessions and outer beauty, disregarded her unsightly daughter while pampering her handsome son. Her shallowness planted a jealous seed in Isabelle-Marie preventing her from experiencing happiness. Patrice on the other hand lived in superficiality and never had a deeper meaning to life or himself. These characters are isolated from nature and each other consequently preventing true happiness. Isabelle-Marie was the unsightly daughter of Louise. Her appearance deemed her unworthy of her mother’s love and affection. Isabelle-Marie was assigned to work in the farms preoccupying her time and preventing her from socializing. She was separated from the family because of the way she looked. Patrice couldn’t sympathize with his sister due to his idiocy. Her mother’s mistreatment spawned hatred for herself. Isabelle-Marie was wrapped in jealousy preventing her from loving her brother. Insecurities inspired her to lie to her husband ultimately losing him in the end. She had a daughter, like her she was ugly and her lack of love and acceptance for herself prevented her for genuinely loving her child. After she took revenge on her unloving mother Isabelle-Marie was still unfulfilled, everything was gone except for her, soon after she took her life. Patrice was treated like a baby by his mother. His beauty was her possession and was the only thing she loved of him. Patrice never knew anybody but Louise. He felt no real love from his family and was never understood. His mother spoke for him, acted on his behalf, and thought for him. Patrice was detached from his true self for he did not need to ponder anything outside of his mother and his beauty. When Patrice’s face was disfigured he lost his mother’s love and was left in an asylum. Unable to cope with his loneliness he eventually escaped the asylum to go back to his mother, only to find the remains of his life burned. His upbringing kept his soul and purpose empty. Ultimately Patrice lived in a hollow shell. Louise was an empty and excessive doll. Her concerns were only of her trim body and Patrice’s beauty, which she saw as her own beauty. External beauty made her self-absorbed not allowing her to naturally love Isabelle-Marie. Her marriage to Lanz served as a union of two faded and shallow lovers. Lanz only saw Louise for her beauty and riches. Her demanding husband forced Louise to give less of herself to her son, driving a wedge between them. Louise’s incapability to naturally lover her children kept herself detached from them. In the end she died alone amongst her possessions. The family lived in an immoral world. Isabelle-Marie destroyed her life and family due to her self-loathing. She was not able to completely lover her daughter for she was her mirror. Patrice lived in a world without living. When everything he knew was in ruins, he found his soul and peace in the lake. Louise only loving material possession condemned her children lives. The main characters segregation from each other didn’t let them escape the feeling of loneliness in their present lives. Marie-Claire Blais and Nathaniel Hawthorne depicted the characters inner feelings of suffering and hurt through relentless loneliness and seclusion. Both authors used two different forms of estrangement, isolation and alienation. The central characters in both novels experience different settings of isolation, which they developed with their personalities. The Scarlet Letter emphasized the suffering of the characters in psychological aspect. Mad Shadows_ _focused on the shallowness of the heart. The main characters in both novels undergo a variety of changes which eventually sealed their fates. *Mad Shadows and The* Scarlet Letter Theme of isolation Agnes Palaganas April 8, 2010 ENG18Y1- James Meade Reference: Blais,Marie-Claire. Mad Shadows. This New Canadian Library:2008 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Penguin Books:2003

Parris and Procter Essay

How does Miller use setting and action in Set 1of ‘the Crucible’ to establish atmosphere and set the scene for the events which are to unfold?  This essay recounts the various ways in which Arthur Miller uses setting and action to set the atmosphere for the coming events in ‘the Crucible’. During the 1950’s whilst ‘the Crucible’ was being written a phenomenon called McCarthyism was occurring. McCarthy, who was the US president at the time, was determined to hunt down communists in the USA. He was paranoid about Communists and McCarthyism is the name given to the paranoid behaviour of his government in the hunt for communists. Miller was called in front of the judge and was tried, as were a number of his friends, but Miller was not convicted although others were. This is where Miller’s idea for ‘the Crucible’ originated. The link between McCarthyism and the witch-hunt is persecution, which is a common parallel in both situations. Being based on a true story about a historical witch-hunt creates dramatic tension in that the audience are expecting a play based on fact rather than fiction. The audience at the time would have known that the play was about McCarthyism, and by claiming that the play was based on fact Miller creates excitement in the audience who are prepared for a factual account of McCarthyism. It is notable that Miller was unable to perform his play publicly in the US at the time and it had to be performed in Belgium. By using the Salem witch-hunts Miller introduces the audience to the theme of good and evil. The setting and actions in Set 1 establishes atmosphere in particular for the events that are to unfold in the rest of the play. Set 1 in Act 1 is a small, simple bedroom. Within the room there isn’t much furniture and the room appears to be very cold and inhospitable. The room is brightened up by the description of the morning sunlight streaming in through the window, but the window is described as narrow so dulling the image of the room and limiting the sunlight streaming in through the window. The audience then has an image of a small slit of light entering a room of darkness, which creates a visual drama between light and dark. Similarly, the set in Act 2 is described by Miller as ‘the low, dark and rather long living room of the time.’ Again the Set which is a room in Act 3 is described as ‘solemn, even forbidding. Heavy beams jut out, boards of random widths make up the walls.’ As in set 1 there are two ‘high’ windows with ‘sunlight pouring through’. Finally in set 4 Miller describes the prison cell as ‘in darkness but for the moonlight seeping through the bars.’ The set of act 1 indicates a similar parallel in the set of the scene of John Procter in a prison cell, with the light streaming through. Whilst the audience contemplates whether there is hope of Proctor not being accused of dealing in witchcraft, sunlight streams in to the courtroom from the high windows. This represents a glimmer of hope for John Procter. Proctor’s wife then lies to say that her husband is not a lecher, thinking that she is protecting him, and the audience sees all hope dashed away. Later in Set 4 in the prison cell Miller uses the metaphor of moonlight seeping through the bars to show that not all is lost in despair. In all these sets Miller uses the stylistic device of light coming through windows in dark rooms making the audience think that the whole story will be dark with small glimmers of hope throughout. The use of light and dark in the set draws on a parallel of good and evil, hope and despair, justice and injustice. By allowing darkness rather light to dominate so despair, injustice and evil form the dominant atmosphere. The changing atmosphere in the similar settings leaves the audience un-prepared for what is going to take place next. Set 1, as can be seen by examining the text further, the bedroom is always full of tension and it is never the set for anything calm. Bedrooms are normally where people go to relax and sleep but this bedroom is the place where people go to argue and accuse each other of waywardness. This particular bedroom doesn’t belong to anyone and is described as ‘A small upper bedroom’. Bedrooms are normally personalised and made comfortable for the persons whose room it is but this one is cold and bland. This at once tells the audience that this room will be the centre for grievances and dilemma. The first character the audience meets in Act 1 is Reverend Samuel Parris, who is described as in his middle forties. The audience instantaneously get the impression that Parris is a man easily angered as his first words spoken are â€Å"Out of here!† Here Miller adds the action of Parris â€Å"scrambling to his feet in a fury†, which immediately creates tension. Reverend Parris’ short temper and his desperate manner, which he uses to get what he wants, are seen here. His intense anger comes through again when he is arguing with John Proctor â€Å"Man! Don’t a minister deserve a house†¦.†. Parris’s greed shines through and the audience sees a man out to get what he wants and not what’s best for the Church, which he is meant to serve. The audience also see his pretentiousness â€Å"I am a graduate of Harvard College†. He seems to believe that he is superior to everyone else. The confrontation in set 1 Act 1 set the scene for what is to be a far more serious conflict between Parris and Procter in the courtroom. At this point a different atmosphere is created by the tension. Here again there is an argument between Parris and Procter, but roles are reversed, and Proctor seems to be in control. The tension is also amplified by the way in which Parris speaks â€Å"in deadly fear, to Elizabeth†. Deadly fear is strong language and emphasises to the audience that death is in the air. Set 1 Act 1 also prepares the audience for Act 4 Parris is seen out of character where he is grovelling and begging for Procter to confess to dealing with witchcraft, demonstrating the extent to which Parris will go to get a confession, which the audience knows is false.

Introduction to Axis Bank

INTRODUCTION TO AXIS BANK Commercial banking services which includes merchant banking, direct finance infrastructure finance, venture capital fund, advisory, trusteeship, forex, treasury and other related financial services. As on 31-Mar-2009, the Group has 827 branches, extension counters and 3,595 automated teller machines (ATMs). Axis Bank was the first of the new private banks to have begun operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established.The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) and other four PSU insurance companies, i. e. National Insurance Company Ltd. , The New India Assurance Company Ltd. , The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. and United India Insurance Company Ltd. The Bank today is capitalized to the extent of Rs. 359. 76 corers with the public holding (othe r than promoters) at 57. 79%. The Bank's Registered Office is at Ahmadabad and its Central Office is located at Mumbai.The Bank has a very wide network of more than 853 branches and Extension Counters (as on 30th June 2009). The Bank has a network of over 3723 ATMs (as on 30th June 2009) providing 24 hrs a day banking convenience to its customers. This is one of the largest ATM networks in the country. The Bank has strengths in both retail and corporate banking and is committed to adopting the best industry practices internationally in order to achieve excellence. HISTORY OF AXIS BANK In 1993, the Bank was incorporated on 3rd December and Certificate of business on 14th Dece11mber.The Bank transacts banking business of all description. UTI Bank Ltd. was promoted by Unit Trust of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, General Insurance Corporation of India and its four subsidiaries. The bank was the first private sector bank to get a license under the new guidelines issued by th e RBI. In 1997, the Bank obtained license to act as Depository Participant with NSDL and applied for registration with SEBI to act as `Trustee to Debenture Holders'. Rupees 100 crores was contributed by UTI, the rest from LIC Rs 7. 5 crores, GIC and its four subsidiaries Rs 1. crores each. In 1998, the Bank has 28 branches in urban and semi urban areas as on 31st July. All the branches are fully computerized and networked through VSAT. ATM services are available in 27 branches. The Bank came out with a public issue of 1,50,00,000 No. of equity shares of Rs 10 each at a premium of Rs 11 per share aggregating to Rs 31. 50 crores and Offer for sale of 2,00,00,000 No. of equity shares for cash at a price of Rs 21 per share. Out of the public issue 2, 20,000 shares were reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees of UTI Bank.Balance of 3, 47, 80,000 shares were offered to the public. The company offers ATM cards, using which account-holders can withdraw money from any of th e bank's ATMs across the country which is inter-connected by VSAT. UTI Bank has launched a new retail product with operational flexibility for its customers. UTI Bank will sign a co-brand agreement with the market, leader, Citibank NA for entering into the highly promising credit card business. UTI Bank promoted by India's pioneer mutual fund Unit Trust of India along with LIC, GIC and its four subsidiaries.In 1999, UTI Bank and Citibank have launched an international co-branded Credit card. UTI Bank and Citibank have come together to launch an international co-branded credit card under the MasterCard umbrella. UTI Bank Ltd has inaugurated an off site ATM at Ashok Nagar here, taking the total number of its off site ATMs to 13. m In 2000, the Bank has announced the launch of Tele-Depository Services for Its depository clients. UTI Bank has launch of `iConnect', its Internet banking Product. UTI Bank has signed a memorandum of understanding with equitymaster. om for e-broking activiti es of the site. Infinity. com financial Securities Ltd. , an e-broking outfit is Typing up with UTI Bank for a banking interface. Geojit Securities Ltd, the first company to start online trading services, has signed a MoU with UTI Bank to enable investors to buysell demat stocks through the company's website. India bulls have signed a memorandum of understanding with UTI Bank. UTI Bank has entered into an agreement with Stock Holding Corporation of India for providing loans against shares to SCHCIL's customers and funding investors in public and rights issues.ICRA has upgraded the rating UTI Bank's Rs 500 crore certificate of deposit programmed to A1+. UTI Bank has tied up with L&T Trade. com for providing customized online trading solution for brokers. In2001, UTI Bank launched a private placement of non-convertible debentures to rise up to Rs 75 crores. UTI Bank has opened two offsite ATMs and one extension counter with an ATM in Mangalore, taking its total number of ATMs across t he country to 355. UTI Bank has recorded a 62 per cent rise in net profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2001, at Rs 30. 5 crore. For the second quarter ended September 30, 2000, the net profit was Rs 19. 08 crore. The total income of the bank during the quarter was up 53 per cent at Rs 366. 25 crore. In 2002, UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that Shri B R Barwale has resigned as a Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 02, 2002. A C Shah, former chairman of Bank of Baroda, also retired from the bank’s board in the third quarter of last year. His place continues to be vacant. M Damodaran took over as the director of the board after taking in the reins of UTI.B S Pandit has also joined the bank’s board subsequent to the retirement of K G Vassal. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Paul Fletcher has been appointed as an Additional Director Nominee of CDC Financial Service (Mauritius) Ltd of the Bank. And Shri Donald Peck has been appointed as an Additional Director (nom inee of South Asia Regional Fund) of the Bank. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that on laying down the office of Chairman of LIC on being appointed as Chairman of SEBI, Shri G N Bajpai, Nominee Director of LIC has resigned as a Director of the Bank.In 2002, B Paranjpe & Abid Hussain cease to be the Directors of UTI Bank. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that in the meeting of the Board of Directors following decisions were taken: Mr Yash Mahajan, Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab Tractors Ltd were appointed as an Additional Director with immediate effect. Mr. N C Singhal former Vice Chairman and Managing Director of SCICI was appointed as an Additional Director with immediate effect. ABN Amro, UTI Bank in pact to share ATM. UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that a meeting of theBoard of Directors of the Bank is scheduled to be held on October 24, 2002 to consider and take on record the unaudited half yearly/quarterly financial results of the Bank for the half year/Quarter ended September 30, 2002. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri J M Trivedi has been appointed as an alternate director to Shri Donald Peck with effect from November 2, 2002. In 2003, UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the company held on January 16, 2003, Shri R N Bharadwaj, Managing Director of LIC has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank with immediate effect. UTI Bank, the private sector bank has opened a branch at Nellore. The bank's Chairman and Managing Director, Dr P. J. Nayak, inaugurating the bank branch at GT Road on May 26. Speaking on the occasion, Dr Nayak said. This marks another step towards the extensive customer banking focus that we are providing across the country and reinforces our commitment to bring superior banking services, marked by convenience and closeness to customers. -UTI Bank Ltd. has informed the Exchange that at its meeting held on June 25, 2003 the BOD have decided the following: 1) To appoint Mr. A T Pann ir Selvam, former CMD of Union Bank of India and Prof.Jayanth Varma of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad as additional directors of the Bank with immediate effect. Further, Mr. Pannir Selvam will be the nominee director of the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) and Mr. Jayanth Varma will be an Independent Director. 2) To issue Non-Convertible Unsecured Redeemable Debentures up to Rs. 100 crs, in one or more tranches as the Bank's Tier – II capital. -UTI has been authorized to launch 16 ATMs on the Western Railway Stations of Mumbai Division. -UTI filed suit against financial institutions IFCI Ltd in the ebt recovery tribunal at Mumbai to Recover Rs. 85cr in dues. -UTI bank made an entry to the Food Credit Program me; it has made an entry into the 59 cluster which includes private sector, public sector, old private sector and co-operative banks. -Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of UTI has resigned as the director of the bank. - Banks Chairman and MD Dr. P. J. Nayak inaugurated a new branch at Nellore. -UTI bank allots shares under Employee Stock Option Scheme to its employees. -Unveils pre-paid travel card ‘Visa Electron Travel Currency Card' -Allotment of 58923 equity shares of Rs 10 each under ESOP. UTI Bank ties up with UK govt fund for contract farm in -Shri B S Pandit, nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) has resigned as a director from the Bank wef November 12, 2003. -UTI Bank unveils new ATM in Sikkim. In 2004, Comes out with Rs. 500 mn Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debenture Issue, issue fully subscribed -UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I) has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 20, 2004. UTI Bank opens new branch in Udupi-UTI Bank, Geojit in pact for trading platform in Qatar -UTI Bank ties up with Shriram Group Cos -Unveils premium payment facility through ATMs applicable to LIC UTI Bank customers –Metal junction (MJ)- the online trading and procurement joint venture of Tata Steel and Steel Authority of India (SAIL)- has roped in UTI Bank to start off own equipment for Tata Steel. -DIEBOLD Systems Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Diebold Incorporated, has secured a major contract for the supply of ATMs an services to UTI Bank -HSBC completes acquisition of 14. 6% stake in UTI Bank for . m -UTI Bank installs ATM in Thiruvananthapuram -Launches Remittance Card' in association with Remit2India, a Web site offering money transfer services In 2005, UTI Bank enters into a banc assurance partnership with Bajaj Allianz General for selling general insurance products through its branch network. -UTI Bank launches its first Satellite Retail Assets Centre (SRAC) in Karnataka at Mangalore. In 2006, UBL sets up branch in Jaipur -UTI Bank unveils priority b anking lounge. MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK Promoters: Axis Bank Ltd. has been promoted by the largest and the best Financial Institution of the country, UTI.The Bank was set up with a capital of Rs. 115 crore, with UTI contributing Rs. 100 Crore, LIC – Rs. 7. 5 Crore and GIC and its four subsidiaries contributing Rs. 1. 5 Crore each SUUTI – Shareholding 27. 02%Erstwhile Unit Trust of India was set up as a body corporate under the UTI Act, 1963, with a view to encourage savings and investment. In December 2002, the UTI Act, 1963 was repealed with the passage of Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 by the Parliament, paving the way for the bifurcation of UTI into 2 entities, UTI-I and UTI-II with effect from 1st February 2003.In accordance with the Act, the Undertaking specified as UTI I has been transferred and vested in the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), who manages assured return schemes along w ith 6. 75% US-64 Bonds, 6. 60% ARS Bonds with a Unit Capital of over Rs. 14167. 59 crores. The Government of India has currently appointed Shri K. N. Prithviraj as the Administrator of the Specified undertaking of UTI, to look after and administer the schemes under UTI where Government has continuing obligations and commitments to the investors, which it will uphold.MEANING OF WHOLE BANKING OPERATION The Wholesale Banking contains products sold to large and middle market commercial companies, as well as to consumers on a wholesale basis. This includes lending, treasury management, mutual funds, asset-based lending, commercial real estate, corporate and institutional trust services, and investment banking through Wells Fargo Securities. The company also owns Baring ton Associates, a middle market investment bank.Wells Fargo historically has avoided large corporate loans as stand-alone products, instead requiring that borrowers purchase other products along with loans which the bank s ees as a loss leader. One area that is very profitable to Wells, however, is asset-based lending: lending to large companies using assets as collateral that are not normally used in other loans. This can be compared to subprime lending, but on a corporate level. The main brand name for this activity is â€Å"Wells Fargo Foothill,† and is regularly marketed in tombstone ads in the Wall Street Journal.Wells Fargo also owns Eastdil Secured, which is described as a â€Å"real estate investment bank† but is essentially one of the largest commercial real estate brokers for very large transactions (such as the purchase and sale of large Class-A office buildings in central business districts throughout the United States). The wholesale banking operations consist of the following transactions: 1. Opening of Account 2. Issue of Check book 3. International Debit / Credit Card 4. Issue of Demand Draft (DD) 5. Net banking 6. e-mail statement 7. phone banking 8.Insta Query 9. Insta Alert 10. Bill pay 11. Passbook 12. Quarterly Account Statement 13. Loan Facility definitions of banking * A bank is a financial institution licensed by a government. Its primary activity is to lend money. Many other financial activities were allowed over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. * Banking can also be defined as engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit. Transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan. * Bank – a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies) MEANING of BANK An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays interest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests in securities; collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositor's checks; and issues drafts and cashier's checks.PRADUCT OF AXIS BANK * Easy Access Saving Account * Saving Account for Women * Prime Saving Account * Senior Citizens Saving Account * Priority Banking * Corporate Salary Account * Trust /NGOs Saving Account * Resident Foreign Currency Account * Online Trading Account * Current Account * Term Deposits * Locker Facilities * NRI Services * Depository Services * Financial Advisory Services * Wealth Management Services * Insurance Solutions – Life and General * Retail Loans * Credit Loans * Travel Currency Cards * Remittance Cards CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION CHEQUE DROP BOX FACILITY: – RBI's Committee on Procedures and Performance Audit on Public Services have recommended that both the drop box facility and the facility for acknowledgement of the cheques at the regular collection counters should be available to customers and no branch sh ould refuse to give an acknowledgement if the customer tenders the cheques at the counters. * ISSUE OF CHEQUE BOOK: – The Committee has observed that some banks do not allow depositors to collect their cheque book at the branch but insist on dispatching the cheque book by courier to the depositor.Further, it is stated by the Committee that the depositor is forced to sign a declaration that a dispatch by the courier is at the depositor's risk and consequence and that the depositor shall not hold the bank liable in any manner whatsoever in respect of such dispatch of cheque book. Committee has observed this as an unfair practice and advised banks to refrain from obtaining such undertakings from depositors. Banks should also ensure that cheque books are delivered over the counters on request to the depositors or his authorized representative. STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT / PASS BOOK: – The Committee has noted that banks invariably show the entries in depositor’s passbooks / statement of accounts as â€Å"By Clearing† or â€Å"By Cheque†. Further, in the case of Electronic Clearing System (ECS) and RBI Electronic Funds Transfer (RBIEFTR) banks invariably do not provide any details even though brief particulars of the remittance are provided to the receiving bank. In some cases computerized entries use sophisticated codes which just cannot be deciphered.With a view to avoiding inconvenience to depositors, banks are advised to avoid such inscrutable entries in passbooks statements of account and ensure that brief, intelligible particulars are invariably entered in passbooks / statements of account. Banks may also ensure that they adhere to the monthly periodicity prescribed by us while sending statement of accounts. TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts .Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments.Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash manag ement trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks. ACCOUTING FOR BANK ACCOUNTBank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRS there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit a credit account to increase its balance, and you debit a debit account to increase its balance. This also means you debit your savings account every time you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit), while you credit your credit card account every time you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite that you credit your account when you deposit money, and you debit it when you withdraw funds. If you have cash in your account, you have a positive (or credi t) balance; if you are overdrawn, you have a negative (or deficit) balance. The reason for this is that the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but the bank's liability, so they are credit accounts (which should have a positive balance).Conversely, your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets, so they are debit accounts (which should have a also have a positive balance). Where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed below, they are done so from the viewpoint of the account holder which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing. ECONOMIC FUNCTION * ISSUE OF MONEY: – In the form of banknotes and current accounts subject to cheque or payment at the customer's order. These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable and/or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par.They are effectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. * NETTING AND SETTELEMENT OF PAYMENT: – Banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. * CREDIT INTERMEDIATION: –Banks borrow and lend back-to-back on their own account as middle men. * CREDIT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: – Banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its obligations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to rise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position. MATURITY TRANSFORMATION: – Banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e. g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e. g. withdrawals and redemptions of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e. g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets).BANKING CHANNELS Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services: * A branch, banking centre or financial centre is a retail location where a bank or f inancial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face service to its customers. * ATM is a computerized telecommunications device that provides a financial institution's customers a method of financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Most banks now have more ATMs than branches, and ATMs are providing a wider range of services to a wider range of users.For example in Hong Kong, most ATMs enable anyone to deposit cash to any customer of the bank's account by feeding in the notes and entering the account number to be credited. Also, most ATMs enable card holders from other banks to get their account balance and withdraw cash, even if the card is issued by a foreign bank. * Mail is part of the postal system which itself is a system wherein written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. This can be used to deposit cheques and to send or ders to the bank to pay money to third parties.Banks also normally use mail to deliver periodic account statements to customers. * Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution which allows its customers to perform transactions over the telephone. This normally includes bill payments for bills from major billers (e. g. for electricity). * Online banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website. * Mobile banking is a method of using one's mobile phone to conduct simple banking transactions by remotely linking into a banking network. Video banking is a term used for performing banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine), or via a videoconference enabled bank branch. TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANK * Investment banks â€Å"underwrite† (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions. * Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance.The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies. MORTGAGE BANKING Mortgage banking deals primarily with originating mortgage loans and servicing them. Read more about it here as well as about what a career in mortgage banking involves. Mortgage banking is meant for a single purpose, to service the real estate finance industry. Mortgage banking deals specifically with originating mortgage loans as well as servicing them.Mortgage banks are state-licensed entities from which consumers can get mortgage loans directly. Usually, mortgage banks avail funds from the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, also known as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, also known as Freddie Mac, or any other large companies that service mortgages, which are related to the secondary mortgage market. Here are a few pointers about the nitty-gritty of mortgage banking. * MORTGAGE BANK SPECIALIZE IN MORTGAGE LOANS: – Unlike a savings bank that is federally chartered, in general mortgage banks specialize in only providing mortgage loans.Hence, customers do not deposit their money in these banks. As has been mentioned above, the secondary wholesale market is their primary source of funds. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are examples of the lenders in the secondary market. * MORTGAGE BANKS DIFFER IN SIZE: – While some mortgage banks can be nationwide, others can originate a volume of loan that can exceed that of a commercial bank that is nationwide. Many of these mortgage banks utilize specialty servicers like Real T ime Resolutions to carry out tasks like fraud detection work and repurchase. MORTGAGE BANKS HAVE TO SOURCES OF RAVENUE: – The two main sources of income are from loan servicing fees (if they are into loan sevicing0, and fees from loan origination. Mortgage bankers, by and large, are choosing not to service the loans they have originated. That is because they are entitled to earn a service-released premium by selling them soon after the mortgage loans are closed and funded. The investor in the secondary market that purchases the loan has the ability of earning revenue for providing servicing of the loan every month the borrower keeps the loan. DEFFERENT BANKING LAW APPLY TO MARTGAGE BANK: – Mortgage banks usually operate under banking laws that are quite different, according to the state they operate in. You will need to check each individual state’s financial department or state banking in order to get list of mortgage bankers in each state. While federal laws a pply to the operation of a federal bank, in terms of consumer protection, usually consumers have additional rights, which are applicable according to each state. * MORTGAGE BANKERS CAN BE MORE COMPETITIVE: –Since they only specialize in lending and do not have to subsidize any of the losses that other departments may have incurred, as in regular banking, mortgage bankers have the ability of being really competitive when lending for mortgage. However, they usually do not have the advantage of accessing adjustable rate mortgages that are low cost, which federal banks are typically associated with, and federal money access. * A CAREER IN MORTGAGE BANKING: – Professionals in mortgage banking in the job market today need to have a college degree in business or finance, or some specific experience or training related to the field.Skills in good customer service, an inherent ability with numbers, and computer skills are also essential requirements for mortgage banking jobs. A mortgage banking professional’s job involves reviewing credit scores, determining the kind of loan that is most beneficial for the customer and guiding them through the process of application as well as closing. The loan officer has to be very organized and detail oriented, and need to be able to handle the large amounts of paperwork and reporting that are required for getting loans approved, up to the closing.A mortgage banking professional also has to have thorough know-how about the regulations associated with federal mortgage as well as the various types. KYN (KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER) As per KYC guideline the RBI has advised banks to follow KYC guidelines of RBI mandates banks to collect three proofs from their customers they are 1 Photograph 2 Proof of Identity 3 Proof of address Accordingly, Axis bank has framed its KYC procedure according to which, a photograph and documentary proof of personal identification and address proof are required t be provided.The account Opening form provides the nature of documents required / procedure to be followed for opening a new account. You may also log in to our website www. axisbank. com for such information which is displayed product-wise. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF AXIS BANK SAVING ACCOUNT INFORMATION Definition: A deposit account at a bank or savings and loan which pays interest, but cannot be withdrawn by check writing. * TYPE OF SAVING ACCOUNT IN AXIS BANKING * * ZERO BALANCE SAVING ACCOUNT: – At Axis Bank it has been constant endeavor to create products specifically catering to your needs.The account while offering a whole range of services also addresses your latent need of having an account without the hassle of maintaining an average quarterly balance. * FEATURES: – 1. No Average Quarterly Balance requirement 2. Free International Debit Card with an Accidental Insurance cover up to Rs. 2 lakhs* (charges for the primary holder are waived) 3. Free mobile banking facility 4. Access through more than 825 branches and more than 3595 ATMs 5. At-Par cheque facility with the clearing limit of Rs 50,000 6. 24Ãâ€"7 Tele banking & Internet banking . Free quarterly statements 8. Free monthly e-statement * CONDITION APPLY: – 1. Initial funding of Rs. 5,500. 2. Account maintenance fee of Rs. 500 per annum * KRISHI SAVING ACCOUNT (KHETI HO KHUSHAHALI KI): – Axis Bank offers a unique savings account which is easy to operate and allows you to transact immediately. This product has been specially designed keeping in mind the unique requirements of a farmer and true to its nature has been called the Krishi Savings Account. Some of the features of our new product are: * AVERAGE BALANCE REQUIREMENT: –This account is offered with the requirement of maintaining the half-yearly average balance of Rs 1000 only. * INTERNATIONAL MASTER DEBIT CARD: – The Krishi Savings Account entitles you to an International Master Debit Card with which you can access your account an ytime through the Axis Bank ATM network free of cost. This card comes with a cash withdrawal limit of Rs 25,000 per day. Free Accident Insurance cover of Rs 2 lacks. * ANYWHERE BANKING: – Being a Krishi account holder, you are entitled to access our wide network of more than 825 branches and 3595 ATMs across 440 cities.You can now easily carry out your transactions through any of the branches or ATMs. * AT PER CHEQUE BOOK: – Your Krishi Savings Account comes with the At-Par Cheque facility. This facility enables you to en cash the cheques as local instruments at any of the 440 centers where the Bank has its presence, at no extra cost. Moreover, you can also issue cheques at other centers up to the limit of Rs 50,000. * EASSY ACCES SAVING ACCOUNT(BANKING MADE EASY): – * A :Accessibility * C :Convenience * C :Comfort * E :Earnings * S :Speed * S :Service Want a savings account that transcends geographical boundaries?Presenting, Axis Bank's Easy Access Savings Acco unt. The account is an endeavor by the Bank to understand the consumers' needs and redefine banking to suit your requirements for a truly comfortable banking experience. Easy Access Savings Account gives you instant access to your money anywhere, anytime. Possessing a range of unmatched features, it has been devised to better suit the convenience of our eclectic client base. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. ,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. * At-par cheque * ATM Network * Anywhere Banking * Tele banking * iConnect * Mobile Banking * Quarterly account statement * Quarterly interest @ 3. 5 % per annum * Free monthly e-statement. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. * CORPORATE SALARY ACCOUNT: – Our Corporate Salary Power Offe ring is designed to offer payroll solutions through in a 24 X 7 environment.We leverage on our extensive network of distribution channels spread across 450 centers through a network of more than 827 branches and 3595 ATMs besides our superior service delivery model and product features, as a strong differentiator, to provide value to the end user. * BENEFIT TO EMPLOYERS: – * Efficient salary disbursal. Web Upload – Transfer salaries/reimbursements directly from your current account with Axis Bank to your employee's accounts using I Connect from your office. * Single-instruction salary credit – Same day salary credits for all companies having Corporate Account with Axis Bank.Dedicated Relationship Manager at metro locations to understand the financial requirements of your employees. * BENEFIT TO EMPLOYEES: – * No minimum balance criteria. * Unparalleled Access – Anywhere banking facility through our network of Branches, ATM and Internet banking faci lity. * AT Par cheque books payable locally at all Axis Bank locations. * International Debit cum ATM cards with enhanced Cash withdrawal facility and other value add ones. * Online Banking with funds transfer, online shopping and bill payment options. * Depository services with free online trading accounts. Meal Cards on a master card platform. * Employee Reimbursement accounts as a savings account variant. Preferential pricing on loan products and credit cards and other banking products ; services. CURRENT ACCOUNT INFORMATION * CHANNEL ONE: (FOR SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSES) The ‘Channel One’ Current Account is an effort in that direction where we take care of your day to day banking requirements leaving you with more time for your business. Channel One Current Account is most appropriate choice of successful businesses. At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 10 lacks. FEATURES: 1.Relationship Manager 2. Doorstep Banking 3. Anywhere Banking 4. Free Internet Banking 5. Fre e 24 hour Tele banking 6. Mobile Banking Service 7. International debit card 8. cheque Protection Facility 9. Free 24 – hour cheque deposit facility 10. Payment of Government Taxes/ Dues 11. Foreign exchange services. * ZERO HASSLE BALANCE Small businesses rising on the growth graph need the right of nurturing and appropriate solution for their growing banking requirements. Recognizing these needs, Axis Bank present you the Local Current Account geared to answer all kinds of local business requirements.At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. Nil. FEATURES: 1. Zero Balance facility 2. 75 free transactions every month 3. Rebate on Annual Charges 4. Up front Annual Fee 5. Mobile Banking 6. ATM cum International Debit Card 7. Free Internet Banking 8. Tele banking 9. Free Monthly Account Statement * BUILDERS AND REAL ESTATE Axis Bank understands the increasing demands on businesses in this segment . Here’s presenting the Axis Bank Builder ; Real Estate Current Account a c urrent account with unparalleled product features built to suit Builders ; Realtors exclusively.This account offers you unmatched convenience while adding financial value to your businesses spread over geographies. . At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 5 Lacks this account comes loaded with special facilities and benefits, most appropriate for your business. FEATURES: 1. Home Branch Cash Deposit 2. Non – Home Branch Cash Withdrawal 3. Free Anywhere Banking 4. Cluster facility 5. Zero Balance account for Vendors and Suppliers 6. Franking Facility 7. Customer cheque printing 8. Internet Banking 9. Free 24-hour Phone banking 0. Mobile Alerts 11. ATM cum Debit Card 12. Free Monthly Account Statement TRAINING AND WHOLE BANKING OPERATIONS * CORPORATES Corporate Banking reflects Axis Bank's strengths in providing our corporate clients in India, a wide array of commercial, transactional and electronic banking products. We achieve this through innovative product development and a well-integrated approach to relationship management. * Funded Services: Working Capital Finance, Bill Discounting, Export Credit, Short Term Finance, Structured Finance, Term Lending. Non Funded Services: Letter of Credit, Collection of Documents, Bank Guarantees. * Value Added Services: Syndication Services , Real Time Gross Settlement, Cash Management Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Reimbursement Account, Bankers to Right/Public Issue, Forex Desk, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Employees Trusts, Cash Surplus Corporate, Tax Collection. * Internet Banking: Supply Chain Management, Corporate Internet Banking. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES At Axis Bank we understand how much of hard work goes into establishing a successful SME.We also understand that your business is anything but â€Å"small† and as demanding as ever. And as your business expands and enters new territories and markets, you need to keep pace with the growing requests that come in, which may lead to purchasing new, or updating existing plant and equipment, or employing new staff to cope with the demand. That's why we at Axis Bank have assembled products, services, resources and expert advice to help ensure that your business excels.Solutions are designed to meet your varying needs. The following links will help you identify your individual needs. Funded Services: Funded Services from Axis Bank are meant to directly bolster the day-to-day working of a small and a medium business enterprise. From working capital finance to credit substitutes; from export credit to construction equipment loan we cater to virtually every business requirement of an SME. Click on the services below that best define your needs Non-Funded Services: Under Non-Funded services Axis Bank offers solutions that act as a catalyst to propel your business.Imagine a situation where you have a letter of credit and need finance against the same or you have a tender and you need to equip yourself with a guarantee i n order to go ahead. This is exactly where we can help you so that you don't face any roadblocks when it comes to your business. The following are the services that will precisely tell you what we can do Business Accounts, Letters of Credit, Collection of Documents, Axis Bank Trade, Guarantees, Cash Management Services, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Services to Cash Surplus Corporate, Services to Employee Trusts, Bankers to Rights/Public Issue, Tax Collection.Specialized Services: Axis Bank is one of the most trusted entities when it comes to specialized services like selling of precious metals to customers. Under specialized services you can also avail customized control of your value chain through our internet banking platform. Value Added Services: There is a plethora of services that we offer under value added services. There's corporate salary account which ensures smooth payment methods to your staff. You can avail an assortment of credit cards and debit cards from our merchant services.The following are the highlights of this service: Real Time Gross Settlement, Reimbursement Account, Custody Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Merchant Services, Axis Bank Gold Business Credit Card. Internet Banking: Internet banking is a revolutionary service under the banking sector and Axis Bank is a forerunner in providing you with this service. We provide state-of-the-art payment gateway services to industries and companies in order to ease transaction processing. This in turn enhances the credibility of your business and makes banking extremely cost-efficient.GOVERNMENT SECTOR: Axis Bank acts as an active medium between the government and the customers by means of various services. These services include : * Tax Collection wherein customers can directly pay their taxes like Direct taxes, Indirect taxes and Sales Tax collections at their local Axis Bank * E-Ticketing – Helps the customer by providing him a direct access to book a Railway Ticket onli ne and get it home delivered * * Opening of L/C's is done by the bank on behalf of Government of India, Mints and Presses, thus facilitating imports for the Government. Collection of levies and taxes on behalf of Municipal Corporations i. e. Kalyan -Dombivli Municipal Corporation, is undertaken by the Bank. * Disbursement of Pension to retired Employees of Central Govt and Defense is directly done by Axis Bank along with the disbursement of pension to the members of EPFO (Employees Provident Fund Organization) * Electronic Collection of fees on behalf of DGFT is done by the bank too * Ministry of Corporate Affairs – Collection of ROC fees for the Ministry through authorized Branches and Net Banking.Collection of Property Tax through Selected Branches on behalf of Municipal Corporation of Delhi. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS * FINDINGS: – 1. Bank is having 853 branches all over the country. 2. The number of branches should be increased. * SUGGESTIONS:- 1. Number of Branches should be increased covering a wider area in various states. 2. A wide publicity to be given about the organization and its products through various means of communications to keep growth moments. 3. More number of training and educational programmers’ should be included in Banks schedule. . Developing a learning culture through continuous learning process. COMPETETIORS * ICICI Bank Ltd. * HDFC Bank Ltd. * State Bank of India * HSBC Bank * RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland) * Maharashtra Bank of India * Canara Bank * Andhra Bank * IDBI bank * Bank of India * Punjab National Bank * Central Bank * Allahabad Bank * ING Vysya * Centurion Bank CONCLUSION Axis bank has developed manifold in short period of time due to facilities and services provided to their customer and this growth rate can be keep it up if they start to go in semi-urban areas.In last couple of years they have opened new many branches and they should open many more. The working staffs are very co-operative in nature an d due to that the bank will also get good benefit. Axis Bank has provided their customer Net-banking facilities and due to that transactions are done fast. Charges at Axis Bank are on lower side when we compare it with other Banks BIBLIOGRAPHY SR. NO. | REFERENCE| 1| * A New Beginning : The Turnaround Story Of Indian Bank| 2| * Bank Marketing : Concepts And Applications| | Banking And Finance| 4| Banking Developments in India| 5| Basics of Banking| 6| Bank leaflet and Boucher| 7| Internet| CONTENTS * INTRODUCTION TO AXIS BANK * HISTORY OF AXIS BANK * MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK * DEFINITION OF BANK * PRODUCT OF AXIS BANK * CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION * TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES * ACCOUNTIG FOR BANK ACCOUNT * ECONOMIC FUNCTION * BANKING CHANNELS * TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANK * MORTGAGE BANKING * ORGANISATION STRUCTURE * FINDINGS AND SUGGETIONS * COMPETETIORS * CONCLUSION * BIBLIOGRAPHY