How to Find Trustworthy Sources

Whether youre conducting research for a book report, an essay, or a news article, finding trustworthy sources of information is essential. This is crucial for a few reasons. First, you want to be sure that the information youre using is based on fact and not on opinion. Second, your readers are placing their trust in your ability to gauge a sources reliability. And third, by using legitimate sources, youre protecting your reputation as a writer. An Exercise in Trust It can be helpful to put the topic of trustworthy sources into perspective with an exercise. Imagine that you are walking down a neighborhood street and you come upon a disturbing scene. A man is lying on the ground with a leg wound and several paramedics and police officers are buzzing around him. A small spectator crowd has gathered, so you approach one of the bystanders to ask what happened. This guy was jogging down the street and a big dog came running out and attacked him, the man says. You take a few steps and approach a woman. You ask her what happened. This man was trying to rob that house and a dog bit him, she replies. Two different people have given different accounts of an event. To get closer to the truth, youll have to find out if either person is connected to the event in any way. You soon discover that the man is a friend of the bite victim. You also realize that the woman is the dogs owner. Now, what do you believe? Its probably time to find a third source of information and one who is not a stakeholder in this scene. Bias Factors In the scene described above, both witnesses have a big stake in the outcome of this event. If the police determine that an innocent jogger was attacked by a dog, the dogs owner is subject to fines and further legal trouble. If the police determine that the apparent jogger was actually involved in an illegal activity at the time he was bitten, the wounded man faces a penalty and the woman is off the hook. If you were a news reporter, you would have to determine whom to trust by digging deeper and making an assessment of each source. You would have to collect details and determine if your witnesses statements are trustworthy or not. Bias can stem from many causes: Stakeholders ambitionsPreconceived beliefsPolitical designsPrejudiceSloppy research Every eyewitness account of an event involves points of view and opinion to some degree. It is your job to assess each persons trustworthiness by scrutinizing their statements for potential bias.   What To Look For It is nearly impossible after an event has occurred to determine the exactness of every detail. The following tips will help you determine the trustworthiness of your sources: Every writer, lecturer, reporter, and teacher has an opinion. The most reliable sources are straightforward about how and why they are presenting their information to the public.An Internet article that provides news but does not provide a list of sources is not very trustworthy. An article that lists its sources, either in the text or in a bibliography, and places those sources into context is more reliable.An article that is published by a reputable media organization or reputable institution (such as a university or research organization) is also trustworthy.Books are generally considered more trustworthy because the author and publisher are clearly stated and they are held responsible. When a book publisher publishes a book, that publisher takes responsibility for its truthfulness.News organizations are generally for-profit businesses (there are exceptions, such as National Public Radio, which is a non-profit organization). If you use these as sources, you must consider their man y stakeholders and political slants.Fiction is made up, so fiction is not a good source of information. Even movies based on real events are fiction.Memoirs and autobiographies are nonfiction, but they contain a single persons point of view and opinions. If you use an autobiography as a source, you must acknowledge that the information is one-sided.A nonfiction book that provides a bibliography of sources is more trustworthy than a book that does not.An article that is published in a scholarly journal is usually scrutinized for accuracy by a team of editors and fact-checkers. University presses are particularly good sources for nonfiction and scholarly works.Some sources are peer-reviewed. These books and articles go before a panel of non-stakeholding professionals for review and assessment. This body of professionals acts as a small jury to determine truthfulness. Peer-reviewed articles are very trustworthy. Research is a quest for truth. Your job as a researcher is to use the most trustworthy sources to find the most accurate information. Your job also involves using a variety of sources, to reduce the chances that you are relying on tainted, opinion-filled evidence.

Concept Analysis On Electronic Health Records - 2383 Words

Concept Analysis on Electronic Health Records NUR-531: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Demitra Love Dr. Gwen Morse July 28th 2015 Introduction I still remember the days before EHR were started. I was working as a Health Unit Coordinator, and was responsible for getting the patient’s charts together and all the required forms that will be used for the patient doing there admission. The charts were broken down upon patient discharge, and sent to medical records. The charts would have to be requested again from medical records in the event that the patient was admitted again at a later date, and the physicians and nurses would have to go through the charts to review the patient’s history. Health Care has come a long way since then. In this paper there will a discussion and examination on the current use of electronic health records and its relationship to health care. All of the providers and nurses that are responsible for the patient’s care, are able to review and share information on the patient. Any nursing care information that is beyond the basic compliance data, is not often included in the d ata that is being stored though EHR Today, nursing care data, beyond basic compliance data, is very seldom included in this data which is being stored electronically, even though there are studies that showing that including nursing problems will improve the accuracy of healthcare cost and patient outcomes. Welton, Halloran, and Zone-Smith (2006). ByShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Concept Analysis For Clinical Practice1254 Words   |  6 PagesApplication of Concept Analysis to Clinical Practice Introduction The article is â€Å"eHealth: A Concept Analysis from a Nursing Perspective† from the Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, written by Jeff Reed of Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University. 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Howell Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are used to improve quality of care while increasing efficiency. However, there is little classified evidence regarding the benefits and costs of EMRs’. It is believed that by implementing an EMR system, there will be a significant increase in the facilitation of work flow and quality of patient care and safety (Bardon et alRead MoreBenefits Of Using Ehr Systems For Ehr Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesSNODENT is a clinical terminology that is used with EHR’s this enables and capture the analysis, aggregation of the detailed health data. When it comes to comprehensive data recording it will Enables SNODENT’s clinicians, academics and researches to record in total details when it comes health data, when it comes to using a combination that has a standard clinical documents that is advanced by HL7 it can transcend for the care setting there are many conditions, findings that other clinical may findRead MoreEssay National Ehr Ma ndate1248 Words   |  5 PagesNational EHR Mandate Heidi Babcock-Marvin Ohio University National EHR Mandate An electronic health record (EHR) defines as the permissible patient record created in hospitals that serve as the data source for all health records. It is an electronic version of a paper chart that includes the patient’s medical history, maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care. Information that is readily available includesRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health Records1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe patient’s growing data and information is the forefront of clinical information systems; with the use of the electronic medical record (EMR), electronic health record (EHR), and electronic personal health record (ePHR) have been the beginning of the movement into the integration and use of clinical health information systems (Reilly Polifroni, 2011). As these technologies are being implemented into the everyday interaction that patients have with the h ealthcare delivery system, government lawsRead MorePatient Safety: A Positive Change in the Healthcare System Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesled to the Institute for Health Care Improvement’s promotion for the use of an early warning scoring system to assist with identifying deteriorating patients (Albert Huesman, 2011). The term â€Å"failure to rescue† refers to a clinical scenario where hospital doctors, nurses, or caregivers fail to recognize symptoms. Responders do not respond adequately to clinical signs that would prevent harm (Morse, 2008, p.2). Dr. Jeffery H. Silber, Director of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy ResearchRead MoreReturn On Investment For Health Care872 Words   |  4 Pageson investment for health care finances has served its purpose for infinite years in health care organizations and will continue for years to come. The epitome of success is to have solid background knowledge in accounting and finances to tackle the issues and understand the purpose of ROI. It’s a mission and goal for health care organizations to have the best return on investment for not-for profit and for-profit organizations. 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Managers represent the patient’s in matters of privacy and security, information release, issues and guidelines regarding record access, and general public education about personal health records. They specialize in managing patient health information and medical records, administering computer information systems, and classifying using

Health Record Information System

Question: Discuss about the Health Record Information System. Answer: Introduction The project has been created for implementing the Information System called My Health Record'. The Commonwealth Government of Australia has produced this project. The purpose of the project will be developing a system that can summarise the health information of individual online. The organisation is looking forward to integrating the system with the local clinical system so that all the patient records can be viewed from a single remote system. The system will collect the new records that will be inputted into the system as well as the old record for getting a better view of the patient conditions. The project will be able to provide the best quality solution to the government organisation. The deliverables of the project are a secure connection to the clinical system, a secured software architecture, a system that can hold the record and collect data from other databases, a technology that the people can use for better health checking, a system that will facilitate the doctors' jobs, My Health Record System. Collecting Patient Record: The system will not allow the user to input any record manually. The system will automatically gather the data and the information from the clinical systems that are connected to it. The system will fetch the new records as well as the old records. Providing Stored Data to the User: The users of the system are doctors, physicians, patients, healthcare organisations and much more. The user can see/retrieve the stored data through the use of an application. Not all the users will be able to see all the data. There will be some layers of authorization. Cloud: It is a very powerful tool for the modern day technologies. This technology allows the data to be stored within a virtual storage that can be accessed from anywhere. The data from the clinical systems will be transferred to this cloud database temporarily when the user will ask for the patient record. After the user gets satisfied by the result, then the data will be erased. Data servers: The data servers are the hardware and software that provides the database services to the system. Storing and retrieving the data to the cloud is not the end of the story. The system must be able to provide the services like data collection, backup, retrieval and much more. Graphical User Interfaces: The graphical user interfaces are the medium through which the users can interact with the system. The interface may be same for all the users or different, but it depends on the functionality of the system. Programming Language: In order to make the system, it is required to write codes. The codes are written in some programming language. Audiences: As per the proposed projects characteristics, the audiences of the My Health Record system are all the patients and health care organisations of Australia. Regarding any information system development, there are various problems that may have to be faced by the project manager and project team members. These issues can occur due to various reasons and recognize the sources are not always possible. The problems are as following. Integration with the existing system: The different health care organisations make use of different clinical systems. The functionalities, communication medium, databases and software platform on which it has been developed are different. Therefore, the project team have to create a solution that can work for all the system otherwise configure the system features manually for different systems. Providing Safety: Any cyber attack can occur over any clinical system. As the system will be connected to the clinical systems internally, there is a huge possibility that the hacker can gain access to the system by attacking any health care system. Providing an enormous amount of data: As the system will only retrieve The data from the other systems and hold it for a small amount of time, any large-scale database is not necessary for providing an enormous amount of data transfer. Facilitating the treatment: The doctors can gather all the records of the patient's trough the system and easily start the treatment. The biggest benefits that the system will provide to the doctors and patients of Australia are as following. Bibliography: DesRoches, C.M., Charles, D., Furukawa, M.F., Joshi, M.S., Kralovec, P., Mostashari, F., Worzala, C. and Jha, A.K., 2013. Adoption of electronic health records grows rapidly, but fewer than half of US hospitals had at least a basic system in 2012.Health Affairs, pp.10-1377. Hripcsak, G. and Albers, D.J., 2013. Next-generation phenotyping of electronic health records.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(1), pp.117-121. Simpson, K.R., 2015. Electronic health records.MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing,40(1), p.68. Zhou, S.M., Fernandez-Gutierrez, F., Kennedy, J., Cooksey, R., Atkinson, M., Denaxas, S., Siebert, S., Dixon, W.G., ONeill, T.W., Choy, E. and Sudlow, C., 2016. Defining disease phenotypes in primary care electronic health records by a machine learning approach: a case study in identifying rheumatoid arthritis.PloS one,11(5), p.e0154515.

Pi and Plato free essay sample

The Allegory of the Cave written by Plato and the movie Pi by Darren Aranofsky demonstrate exactly why such goals should not be attainable. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato expresses the idea of different perception of the real reality and the fear of letting go that perceived reality. The prisoners chained in a cave their whole life believe the shadows is what signifies their real world and the ultimate reality whereas one prisoner (the Philosopher) reluctantly leaves the cave and he discovers the real truth of the world. Obtaining enlightenment, he has now understood their misconception of reality and intends on sharing with his fellow prisoners. In the movie Pi, a genius mathematician name Max Cohen is on the pursuit for obtaining the key for understanding all existence. Obsessed with trying to understand the concept of our world, he is determined to find out a pattern that lays hidden within. We will write a custom essay sample on Pi and Plato or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He experiences 5 hallucinations in which signifies his process of apprehending knowledge and the reluctance to go forward with his research as he fears the dangers ahead of knowing such things. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and Pi both share similar goals but in opposite fashion, the Philosopher wants to enlighten others but is rejected for his knowledge whereas Max does not want to share his knowledge with the world but his knowledge is valued upon and can be benefited from. Max and the Philosopher’s process of apprehending knowledge in order to gain a better understanding of the reason for all things will prove to have unforeseen and destructive results. Max’s way of apprehending knowledge may differ from the Philosophers but both are very similar after attaining enlightenment do they realize the realization of the power they hold. The sun or light plays a important role in both cases, in where it acts as truth and enlightenment. For Max, he gained the inquisitive nature and realization that there is more out there than meets the eye only after he looked into the sun as stated by Max himself: â€Å"9:13, Personal note: When I was a little kid my mother told me not to stare into the sun. So once when I was six I did †¦ [And] slowly, daylight crept in through the bandages and I could see. But something else had changed inside of me. That day I had my first headache† (Pi). This is symbolic because when Max mentions that was when he had his first headache after the incident with the sun, he became more aware and suddenly everything just opened up in his eyes but that does not mean it did not come with a price. Due to that, he experiences these headaches which makes him experience hallucinations but it is also significant because his hallucinations actually play a part in his process of apprehending knowledge. Through each hallucinations, he gets more and more reluctant to press the enter key on the computer because he is afraid of the results if he actually cracks the mystery to the world. The first hallucination he experiences actually has to do with a blinding light which acts as his enlightenment, whereas his door with all the locks is actually a barrier that is actually trying to protect him if he ventures forth. As Socrates is talking to Glaucon, he is talking to him about the process of how one of the prisoners which his the Philosopher had to be reluctantly left the cave in order to see the real reality than the one he thought to have perceived in the cave. Socrates then explains how when they if one of them had to be liberated and compelled to stand up and look towards the light that â€Å"he would suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former self he had seen the shadows† (Plato 153). This shows that only after would they realize the world they lived in was an illusion and the truth of the reality would cause enlightenment in the process. Though the Philosopher may have been forced out of the reality in which he once knew, he gained knowledge of the real reality rather than the one he knew in the cave. It is very similar to how Max’s achieve his enlightenment as they both looked into the light and then suddenly the realization of the reality that they lived in had more to it. Max wanted to go out through the door on his own accord, which he disregarded the safety of himself and risk to find out the truth where as the philosopher did not have that choice as he was forced out of his world and had to accept the new world which was shown before him. During Max’s process of obtaining the truth, he undergoes 4 more hallucinations. These hallucination play a part in his process because they show the thoughts behind his decision to continue forward to apprehend knowledge to reach his goal. As Max moves on in his research, he visits his professor, Sol Robeson, to talk to him about his journey to find the reason for all existence, in this case a number pattern. Sol gives Max advice to not rush through things and to take a break because by going about so recklessly he is going to harm himself in the end. Sol gives an example of Archimedes’ breakthrough and he says to Max â€Å"The point of the story is the wife. You listen to your wife, she will give you perspective, meaning. You need a break, you have to take a bath or you will get nowhere† (Pi). The point of Sol giving him that example was for him to slow down and not go delusional on finding that number pattern. Sol acts as a source of knowledge and truth because he gives insights to Max to not overwhelm himself because he has been through he is experiencing. This ties into Max’s second hallucination in where he sees a brain on the floor. He pokes it three times and the significances is that each poke shows the apprehension of him wanting moving forward. As he pokes it a third time, he gathers up all his strength to pierce the brain. It symbolizes how he choose to move forward and disregard what Sol had told him. In the allegory, Plato (through the conversation of Socrates) discusses the philosopher’s newfound awareness of his own knowledge and understanding. During this conversation, Socrates and Glaucon both challenge the thought of the philosopher if he would return to his formerly accepted reality of truth or would his content lie in his newly understood perception of reality. Socrates asks Glaucon, â€Å"Do you think that he would care for such honors and glories, or envy the possessors of them? Would he †¦ endure anything, rather than think as they do and live after their manner? † (Plato 154) and Glaucon answers back â€Å"I think that he would rather suffer anything than entertain these false notions and live in this miserable manner† (Plato 154). This dialogue is describing how the Philosopher would rather suffer any fate than return to his previous life and understanding. Upon returning to the cave, he would be entering a world of darkness again and he would face the unreleased prisoners. Here is where he would make his decision whether to go back to his old ways or use the newfound knowledge to enlighten others. He feels pity for them that they, who ridicule him leaving the cave, cannot understand something they have not yet experience. The philosopher feels a burden to take the leadership because he does not want to feel contempt for those who do not share his enlightenment. After his second Hallucination, Max ventures forth to find the number pattern in which he will be able to find the reasons for everything. There was a computer bug in his system in which spat out a 216 digit number which his professor said happened to him. Although Sol considered it a computer bug, Max thought otherwise in which he thinks that number might solve everything. As he gets into a frenzy about the 216 digit number, Sol tells him â€Å"Hold on, you have to slow down. You’re losing it. You have to listen to yourself. You’re connecting a computer bug I had with a computer bug you might have had with some religious hogwash† (Pi). From here it is clear that Max is starting to lose his sense of self as he is completely engulf in finding the meaning behind it. The reason behind such controversy is that Max talked to Lenny, a Chasidic Torah scholar, who believes that this long string of number is believe to be a code sent down from God. As Lenny interest grows, Max realizes that there is more behind this number. Then he gets his third hallucination where a 216 digit pops up on his computer. He takes a second look and realizes that he knows it because he had already be confronted with the knowledge before. As this continues on, he finds out that this 216 digit number is the number pattern he has been looking for. Max process of apprehending knowledge is now getting more and more chaotic as he ventures deeper into the world that humans should just leave alone. Though he had found what he has been looking for, he now realizes the dangers of holding such power and not only that but he is not the only person who wants it. The interesting thing in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is that it is the complete opposite of what Max Cohen is trying to achieve. By having obtained such enlightenment in which he knows the true reality, he feels the need to share this glorious discovery with his fellow prisoners. This allegory doesn’t just explain the misconceptions of reality but Plato’s vision of what a true leader should be. The Philosopher is expected to return to the cave and live among his former prisoners as someone who can â€Å"see† better than all the rest. Through the newfound knowledge he has gained, this put him in a position as someone who is able to govern from truth and goodness. He is likely to not just enlighten them but to also care for his fellow citizen, â€Å"Rulers of the hive, kings of yourselves and of the other citizens, and have educated you far better and more perfectly than they have been educated, and you are better able to share in the double duty† (Plato 155). He has now achieved the status of which he must assume the responsibility of a qualify leader. The knowledge bestowed upon him was for this reason, by being able to see and free himself from the world of appearances. His duty is now to spread the knowledge to his fellow prisoners as he follows his newly understood perception of reality, this is the conscious of goodness described by Plato. Plato’s ideal state is where it does not matter the status of the person but rather those who are able to spread the knowledge through equality are the true Philosophers. By being the true Philosopher, one understands the forms of goodness in his duty for being a leader and to not feel contempt for those who do not share his enlightenment. Therefore he must educate others who have not yet gained the true vision of the world. By obtaining the knowledge to unlocking the secrets of the world, there can only be chaos. This is the case for Max as he believes that there is some sort of truth. Sol has warned him about the dangers of approaching such knowledge, â€Å"There will be no order, only chaos† (Pi). Yet he ventures forth because Max has faith in the chaotic way of apprehending knowledge. This can be linked back to his hallucinations as each one, though he may be apprehensive, he continues forth to find the truth not knowing what may lie ahead. Max and Sol both differ in their beliefs of going about how to find the truth because Sol does not believe that there is a truth and the world is just too chaotic. Sol symbolizes the gateway of the things that human beings should not be able to know. This can be seen clearly through Max’s fourth and fifth hallucinations because at this point by having that knowledge, he is going to inevitably destroy himself. His fourth hallucination is a rotting brain in the sink and he uses a drill to beat it but he drops it and uses his own two hands to crush it. This is symbolic of how his own brain decaying and by using his own two hands to crush the brains, he shows the act of ridding himself of such knowledge. This ties into the fifth hallucination because by then he burns the 216 digit number and uses the drill to relieve a part of his brain, his temple. These two hallucinations signifies that Max through his belief of apprehending knowledge by way of such chaotic process, he could not bear the power it contained. This goes back to Sol warning him in the first place of tempering with things that should not be known in the first place. Being so obsessed with finding the truth, he eventually lost himself along the way through the process and this is why it led to Max disposing the knowledge he has longed for. The values of truth differ in the Allegory of the Cave and Pi because both characters apprehended the knowledge for the reasons of all things but they were used in complete opposites. In Allegory of the Cave, the Philosopher who reluctantly came out of the cave only to achieve enlightenment feels the need to share the truth with his fellow prisoners. Though his goal is to share his newfound knowledge, the prisoners have no such use for it because they feel fear of seeing a new world when they have already accepted the reality that is within the cave. Whereas in Pi Max is completely focuses on finding the truth of the world, he was engulfed in a mass of knowledge which he did not know how to utilize it. This is what led to his own self destruction because the value of truth was too extraordinary for one person to understand. He did not want to share the wealth of knowledge that was obtain with the world and instead destroyed it himself. In both cases, apprehending knowledge and obtaining the truth of the world is what each one received and in the end, it was valued completely different than what was thought. Those who are scared to let go of the perception of reality will not want to know the truth meanwhile those who do cannot escape the knowledge of knowing the reason for all things. In Pi by Darren Aranofsky and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave the process of apprehending knowledge was a struggle to both Max and the Philosopher. Each one had their own way of obtaining knowledge like the Philosopher who was so reluctant to leave the cave because he did not want to leave his perceived reality of truth attained enlightenment and discovered the real reality of the world they were living it. Max who was so devoted to his research of finding the numerical pattern that would unlock the mystery of the world had went on to obtained it. Only to realize that such knowledge could not be fathomed and no single human being could grasp the secrets of the world. The process that each character went through and the valued of truth cannot be set on one standard because there are many reasons to why such knowledge cannot be apprehended and why there are different views on understanding it. Such as how the Philosopher must now live amongst his fellow prisoners with his newfound perceived truth of reality whereas Max lost himself in the end realizing that knowing too much knowledge is harmful and destroyed the knowledge. Trying to understand and attain knowledge does not assure that there are no risk involved, there is a price for everything. Knowledge may be a glorious thing to behold but those who are curious about delving further into finding the truth may have unforeseen results. There are things in the world humans are better off not knowing. Work Cited Pi. Dir. Darren Aranofsky. Perf. Sean Gullette and Mark Margolis. Artisan Entertainment, 1998. DVD. Plato. The Allegory of the Cave. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. The humanities. Ed. Mary Ann Frese Witt. New York: Houghton Hifflin Company, 2005. 152-155.